{ "dataset": { "name": "The HRT Index Hot Flash Statistics Evidence Atlas, 2026", "version": "1.0", "published": "2026-08-01", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "creator": "The HRT Index Editorial Team", "publisher": "The HRT Index", "publisher_legal_name": "The HRT Index LLC", "canonical_url": "https://thehrtindex.com/research/hot-flash-statistics/", "description": "A denominator-normalized evidence map of hot-flash and vasomotor-symptom prevalence, timing, frequency, episode length, duration, trajectory, measurement and selected treatment-population statistics.", "method_note": "Source-native symptom definitions, thresholds, recall windows, populations, estimators and limitations are preserved. No cross-source pooling or averaging was performed.", "license_status": "No standalone reuse license assigned in version 1.0.", "record_count": 96, "calculation_count": 21 }, "sources": { "FANG_2024": { "title": "Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "organization": "BMC Public Health", "year": "2024", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "id": "doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "funding_conflict": "Peer-reviewed systematic review; authors reported funding and disclosures in the article. Evidence certainty for symptom prevalence was graded very low." }, "AMY_2025": { "title": "Prevalence and severity of symptoms across the menopause transition: cross-sectional findings from the Australian Women's Midlife Years (AMY) Study", "organization": "The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology", "year": "2025", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00138-X", "id": "doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00138-X; PMID:40720963", "funding_conflict": "Funded by Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council. Recruitment used a non-probability panel." }, "HARLOW_2020": { "title": "Monthly variation of hot flashes, night sweats, and trouble sleeping: effect of season and proximity to the final menstrual period in the SWAN Menstrual Calendar substudy", "organization": "Menopause / SWAN", "year": "2020", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001420", "id": "doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001420; PMID:31567864", "funding_conflict": "NIH-supported SWAN research; author financial disclosures are listed in the article." }, "WILLIAMS_2008": { "title": "Frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States", "organization": "Climacteric", "year": "2008", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13697130701744696", "id": "doi:10.1080/13697130701744696; PMID:18202963", "funding_conflict": "Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; author affiliations included GlaxoSmithKline and RTI Health Solutions." }, "AVIS_2015": { "title": "Duration of menopausal vasomotor symptoms over the menopause transition", "organization": "JAMA Internal Medicine / SWAN", "year": "2015", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8063", "id": "doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8063; PMID:25686030", "funding_conflict": "NIH-supported SWAN research; the article reports no other disclosures." }, "FREEMAN_2011": { "title": "Duration of menopausal hot flushes and associated risk factors", "organization": "Obstetrics & Gynecology / Penn Ovarian Aging Study", "year": "2011", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e318214f0de", "id": "doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e318214f0de; PMID:21508748", "funding_conflict": "Population-based longitudinal cohort; source disclosures are recorded in the article." }, "FREEMAN_2014": { "title": "Risk of long-term hot flashes after natural menopause: evidence from the Penn Ovarian Aging Study cohort", "organization": "Menopause / Penn Ovarian Aging Study", "year": "2014", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000196", "id": "doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000000196; PMID:24473530", "funding_conflict": "Population-based longitudinal cohort; source disclosures are recorded in the article." }, "SMITH_2016": { "title": "Risk Factors for Extended Duration and Timing of Peak Severity of Hot Flashes", "organization": "PLOS ONE / Midlife Women’s Health Study", "year": "2016", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155079", "id": "doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155079; PMID:27149066", "funding_conflict": "Funded by the U.S. National Institute on Aging; authors declared no competing interests." }, "TEPPER_2016": { "title": "Characterizing the trajectories of vasomotor symptoms across the menopausal transition", "organization": "Menopause / SWAN", "year": "2016", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000676", "id": "doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000000676; PMID:27404029", "funding_conflict": "NIH-supported SWAN research; author disclosures are listed in the article." }, "MANN_2011": { "title": "Concordance between self-reported and sternal skin conductance measures of hot flushes in symptomatic perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review", "organization": "Menopause", "year": "2011", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e318204a1fb", "id": "doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e318204a1fb; PMID:21326119", "funding_conflict": "Research Support, Non-U.S. Government; source disclosures are recorded in the article." }, "CORONADO_2026": { "title": "Prevalence of vasomotor symptoms and the associated risk factors: the Mi Menopausia app study", "organization": "Maturitas", "year": "2026", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.108958", "id": "doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.108958; PMID:42066667", "funding_conflict": "Cross-sectional convenience sample; the PubMed record includes a competing-interest declaration." }, "VEOZAH_LABEL": { "title": "VEOZAH (fezolinetant) prescribing information, Reference ID 5497306", "organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "year": "2024", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2024/216578s004lbl.pdf", "id": "FDA Reference ID:5497306", "funding_conflict": "Regulatory prescribing information submitted by the manufacturer and approved by FDA." }, "LYNKUET_LABEL": { "title": "LYNKUET (elinzanetant) prescribing information, Reference ID 5683116", "organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "year": "2025", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/219469s000lbl.pdf", "id": "FDA Reference ID:5683116", "funding_conflict": "Regulatory prescribing information submitted by the manufacturer and approved by FDA." }, "BRISDELLE_LABEL": { "title": "BRISDELLE (paroxetine) prescribing information, Reference ID 5528764", "organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "year": "2025", "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/204516s009s014lbl.pdf", "id": "FDA Reference ID:5528764", "funding_conflict": "Regulatory prescribing information submitted by the manufacturer and approved by FDA." }, "SHAH_2024": { "title": "Bothersome Hot Flashes Following Neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer", "organization": "Cureus", "year": "2024", "url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.55729", "id": "doi:10.7759/cureus.55729; PMID:38586683", "funding_conflict": "Retrospective review of prospectively collected data; source lists author financial relationships." }, "CHALLAPALLI_2018": { "title": "Evaluating the prevalence and predictive factors of vasomotor and psychological symptoms in prostate cancer patients receiving hormonal therapy", "organization": "Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology", "year": "2018", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctro.2018.03.002", "id": "doi:10.1016/j.ctro.2018.03.002; PMID:29928703", "funding_conflict": "Prospective single-institution study; open-access article reports its disclosures." }, "MORGA_2025": { "title": "The Burden of Illness of Treatment-Induced Vasomotor Symptoms in Individuals with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review", "organization": "Journal of Clinical Medicine", "year": "2025", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14082601", "id": "doi:10.3390/jcm14082601; PMID:40283431", "funding_conflict": "Authors included Astellas Pharma employees and a contract research organization; commercial affiliations disclosed." }, "TMS": { "title": "Hot Flashes", "organization": "The Menopause Society", "year": "", "url": "https://menopause.org/patient-education/menopause-topics/hot-flashes", "id": "", "funding_conflict": "Professional-society patient education reference." } }, "records": [ { "record_id": "HF-001", "topic": "Pooled prevalence of hot flashes", "estimate": "52.65", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "50.24", "upper_ci": "55.06", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "265 articles; 349,608 women", "population": "Middle-aged women represented in included studies", "geography": "Global", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Varied", "recall_window": "Varied across included studies", "study_design": "Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2000 through March 2023", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Pooled synthesis", "source_title": "Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "source_organization": "BMC Public Health", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "safe_wording": "The pooled hot-flash prevalence estimate was 52.65% across 265 articles comprising 349,608 women.", "not_safe_to_say": "Exactly 52.65% of every population will experience hot flashes.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Extremely high heterogeneity; definitions, instruments, populations and recall windows varied.", "funding_conflict_note": "Peer-reviewed systematic review; authors reported funding and disclosures in the article. Evidence certainty for symptom prevalence was graded very low.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-002", "topic": "All-symptom review evidence base", "estimate": "321", "unit": "studies", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "482,067 women", "population": "Middle-aged women represented in included studies", "geography": "Global", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Nineteen menopausal symptoms", "severity_threshold": "Varied", "recall_window": "Varied across included studies", "study_design": "Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2000 through March 2023", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Pooled synthesis", "source_title": "Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "source_organization": "BMC Public Health", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "safe_wording": "The full review included 321 studies and 482,067 women across nineteen symptoms.", "not_safe_to_say": "The 52.65% hot-flash estimate used all 321 studies.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Extremely high heterogeneity; definitions, instruments, populations and recall windows varied.", "funding_conflict_note": "Peer-reviewed systematic review; authors reported funding and disclosures in the article. Evidence certainty for symptom prevalence was graded very low.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-003", "topic": "Pooled hot-flash prevalence: Premenopause", "estimate": "31.31", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "26.46", "upper_ci": "36.38", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "", "population": "Middle-aged women represented in included studies", "geography": "Global", "menopause_stage": "Premenopause", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Varied", "recall_window": "Varied across included studies", "study_design": "Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2000 through March 2023", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Pooled synthesis", "source_title": "Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "source_organization": "BMC Public Health", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "safe_wording": "The pooled premenopause estimate was 31.31%.", "not_safe_to_say": "31.31% is a precise universal rate for all premenopause women.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Extremely high heterogeneity; definitions, instruments, populations and recall windows varied.", "funding_conflict_note": "Peer-reviewed systematic review; authors reported funding and disclosures in the article. Evidence certainty for symptom prevalence was graded very low.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-004", "topic": "Pooled hot-flash prevalence: Perimenopause", "estimate": "56.52", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "51.54", "upper_ci": "61.43", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "", "population": "Middle-aged women represented in included studies", "geography": "Global", "menopause_stage": "Perimenopause", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Varied", "recall_window": "Varied across included studies", "study_design": "Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2000 through March 2023", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Pooled synthesis", "source_title": "Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "source_organization": "BMC Public Health", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "safe_wording": "The pooled perimenopause estimate was 56.52%.", "not_safe_to_say": "56.52% is a precise universal rate for all perimenopause women.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Extremely high heterogeneity; definitions, instruments, populations and recall windows varied.", "funding_conflict_note": "Peer-reviewed systematic review; authors reported funding and disclosures in the article. Evidence certainty for symptom prevalence was graded very low.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-005", "topic": "Pooled hot-flash prevalence: Postmenopause", "estimate": "56.74", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "52.8", "upper_ci": "60.64", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "", "population": "Middle-aged women represented in included studies", "geography": "Global", "menopause_stage": "Postmenopause", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Varied", "recall_window": "Varied across included studies", "study_design": "Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2000 through March 2023", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Pooled synthesis", "source_title": "Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "source_organization": "BMC Public Health", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "safe_wording": "The pooled postmenopause estimate was 56.74%.", "not_safe_to_say": "56.74% is a precise universal rate for all postmenopause women.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Extremely high heterogeneity; definitions, instruments, populations and recall windows varied.", "funding_conflict_note": "Peer-reviewed systematic review; authors reported funding and disclosures in the article. Evidence certainty for symptom prevalence was graded very low.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-006", "topic": "Pooled hot-flash prevalence: Africa", "estimate": "64.43", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "56.78", "upper_ci": "71.73", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "", "population": "Middle-aged women represented in included studies", "geography": "Global", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Source/instrument-specific", "recall_window": "Varied across included studies", "study_design": "Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2000 through March 2023", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Pooled synthesis", "source_title": "Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "source_organization": "BMC Public Health", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "safe_wording": "The study-level pooled estimate for this subgroup was 64.43%.", "not_safe_to_say": "This subgroup contrast proves why the rate differs.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Extremely high heterogeneity; definitions, instruments, populations and recall windows varied.", "funding_conflict_note": "Peer-reviewed systematic review; authors reported funding and disclosures in the article. Evidence certainty for symptom prevalence was graded very low.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-007", "topic": "Pooled hot-flash prevalence: Oceania", "estimate": "39.92", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "30.56", "upper_ci": "49.66", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "", "population": "Middle-aged women represented in included studies", "geography": "Global", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Source/instrument-specific", "recall_window": "Varied across included studies", "study_design": "Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2000 through March 2023", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Pooled synthesis", "source_title": "Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "source_organization": "BMC Public Health", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "safe_wording": "The study-level pooled estimate for this subgroup was 39.92%.", "not_safe_to_say": "This subgroup contrast proves why the rate differs.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Extremely high heterogeneity; definitions, instruments, populations and recall windows varied.", "funding_conflict_note": "Peer-reviewed systematic review; authors reported funding and disclosures in the article. Evidence certainty for symptom prevalence was graded very low.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-008", "topic": "Pooled hot-flash prevalence: Egypt", "estimate": "72.56", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "58.15", "upper_ci": "84.91", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "", "population": "Middle-aged women represented in included studies", "geography": "Global", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Source/instrument-specific", "recall_window": "Varied across included studies", "study_design": "Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2000 through March 2023", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Pooled synthesis", "source_title": "Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "source_organization": "BMC Public Health", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "safe_wording": "The study-level pooled estimate for this subgroup was 72.56%.", "not_safe_to_say": "This subgroup contrast proves why the rate differs.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Extremely high heterogeneity; definitions, instruments, populations and recall windows varied.", "funding_conflict_note": "Peer-reviewed systematic review; authors reported funding and disclosures in the article. Evidence certainty for symptom prevalence was graded very low.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-009", "topic": "Pooled hot-flash prevalence: Finland", "estimate": "14.54", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "5.82", "upper_ci": "26.29", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "", "population": "Middle-aged women represented in included studies", "geography": "Global", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Source/instrument-specific", "recall_window": "Varied across included studies", "study_design": "Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2000 through March 2023", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Pooled synthesis", "source_title": "Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "source_organization": "BMC Public Health", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "safe_wording": "The study-level pooled estimate for this subgroup was 14.54%.", "not_safe_to_say": "This subgroup contrast proves why the rate differs.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Extremely high heterogeneity; definitions, instruments, populations and recall windows varied.", "funding_conflict_note": "Peer-reviewed systematic review; authors reported funding and disclosures in the article. Evidence certainty for symptom prevalence was graded very low.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-010", "topic": "Pooled hot-flash prevalence: low-income countries", "estimate": "65.93", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "59.61", "upper_ci": "71.98", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "", "population": "Middle-aged women represented in included studies", "geography": "Global", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Source/instrument-specific", "recall_window": "Varied across included studies", "study_design": "Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2000 through March 2023", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Pooled synthesis", "source_title": "Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "source_organization": "BMC Public Health", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "safe_wording": "The study-level pooled estimate for this subgroup was 65.93%.", "not_safe_to_say": "This subgroup contrast proves why the rate differs.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Extremely high heterogeneity; definitions, instruments, populations and recall windows varied.", "funding_conflict_note": "Peer-reviewed systematic review; authors reported funding and disclosures in the article. Evidence certainty for symptom prevalence was graded very low.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-011", "topic": "Pooled hot-flash prevalence: upper-middle-income countries", "estimate": "54.72", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "50.08", "upper_ci": "59.31", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "", "population": "Middle-aged women represented in included studies", "geography": "Global", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Source/instrument-specific", "recall_window": "Varied across included studies", "study_design": "Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2000 through March 2023", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Pooled synthesis", "source_title": "Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "source_organization": "BMC Public Health", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "safe_wording": "The study-level pooled estimate for this subgroup was 54.72%.", "not_safe_to_say": "This subgroup contrast proves why the rate differs.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Extremely high heterogeneity; definitions, instruments, populations and recall windows varied.", "funding_conflict_note": "Peer-reviewed systematic review; authors reported funding and disclosures in the article. Evidence certainty for symptom prevalence was graded very low.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-012", "topic": "Pooled hot-flash prevalence: lower-middle-income countries", "estimate": "54.17", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "49.57", "upper_ci": "58.73", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "", "population": "Middle-aged women represented in included studies", "geography": "Global", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Source/instrument-specific", "recall_window": "Varied across included studies", "study_design": "Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2000 through March 2023", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Pooled synthesis", "source_title": "Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "source_organization": "BMC Public Health", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "safe_wording": "The study-level pooled estimate for this subgroup was 54.17%.", "not_safe_to_say": "This subgroup contrast proves why the rate differs.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Extremely high heterogeneity; definitions, instruments, populations and recall windows varied.", "funding_conflict_note": "Peer-reviewed systematic review; authors reported funding and disclosures in the article. Evidence certainty for symptom prevalence was graded very low.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-013", "topic": "Pooled hot-flash prevalence: high-income countries", "estimate": "49.72", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "46.19", "upper_ci": "53.25", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "", "population": "Middle-aged women represented in included studies", "geography": "Global", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Source/instrument-specific", "recall_window": "Varied across included studies", "study_design": "Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2000 through March 2023", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Pooled synthesis", "source_title": "Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "source_organization": "BMC Public Health", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "safe_wording": "The study-level pooled estimate for this subgroup was 49.72%.", "not_safe_to_say": "This subgroup contrast proves why the rate differs.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Extremely high heterogeneity; definitions, instruments, populations and recall windows varied.", "funding_conflict_note": "Peer-reviewed systematic review; authors reported funding and disclosures in the article. Evidence certainty for symptom prevalence was graded very low.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-014", "topic": "Pooled hot-flash prevalence: publications before 2011", "estimate": "48.7", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "44.78", "upper_ci": "52.63", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "", "population": "Middle-aged women represented in included studies", "geography": "Global", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Source/instrument-specific", "recall_window": "Varied across included studies", "study_design": "Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2000 through March 2023", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Pooled synthesis", "source_title": "Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "source_organization": "BMC Public Health", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "safe_wording": "The study-level pooled estimate for this subgroup was 48.7%.", "not_safe_to_say": "This subgroup contrast proves why the rate differs.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Extremely high heterogeneity; definitions, instruments, populations and recall windows varied.", "funding_conflict_note": "Peer-reviewed systematic review; authors reported funding and disclosures in the article. Evidence certainty for symptom prevalence was graded very low.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-015", "topic": "Pooled hot-flash prevalence: publications after 2011", "estimate": "55.48", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "52.51", "upper_ci": "58.43", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "", "population": "Middle-aged women represented in included studies", "geography": "Global", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Source/instrument-specific", "recall_window": "Varied across included studies", "study_design": "Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2000 through March 2023", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Pooled synthesis", "source_title": "Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "source_organization": "BMC Public Health", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "safe_wording": "The study-level pooled estimate for this subgroup was 55.48%.", "not_safe_to_say": "This subgroup contrast proves why the rate differs.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Extremely high heterogeneity; definitions, instruments, populations and recall windows varied.", "funding_conflict_note": "Peer-reviewed systematic review; authors reported funding and disclosures in the article. Evidence certainty for symptom prevalence was graded very low.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-016", "topic": "Pooled prevalence using 10-item Cervantes Scale", "estimate": "69.95", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "53.7", "upper_ci": "83.96", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "", "population": "Middle-aged women represented in included studies", "geography": "Global", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Source/instrument-specific", "recall_window": "Varied across included studies", "study_design": "Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2000 through March 2023", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Pooled synthesis", "source_title": "Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "source_organization": "BMC Public Health", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "safe_wording": "The study-level pooled estimate for this subgroup was 69.95%.", "not_safe_to_say": "This subgroup contrast proves why the rate differs.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Extremely high heterogeneity; definitions, instruments, populations and recall windows varied.", "funding_conflict_note": "Peer-reviewed systematic review; authors reported funding and disclosures in the article. Evidence certainty for symptom prevalence was graded very low.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-017", "topic": "Pooled prevalence using Simplified Menopausal Index", "estimate": "39.26", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "27.45", "upper_ci": "51.74", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "", "population": "Middle-aged women represented in included studies", "geography": "Global", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Source/instrument-specific", "recall_window": "Varied across included studies", "study_design": "Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2000 through March 2023", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Pooled synthesis", "source_title": "Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "source_organization": "BMC Public Health", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5", "safe_wording": "The study-level pooled estimate for this subgroup was 39.26%.", "not_safe_to_say": "This subgroup contrast proves why the rate differs.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Extremely high heterogeneity; definitions, instruments, populations and recall windows varied.", "funding_conflict_note": "Peer-reviewed systematic review; authors reported funding and disclosures in the article. Evidence certainty for symptom prevalence was graded very low.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-018", "topic": "Moderately-to-severely bothersome hot flushes: premenopause", "estimate": "8.8", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "7.2", "upper_ci": "10.4", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,250", "population": "Australian women aged 40–69 classified by STRAW+10", "geography": "Australia", "menopause_stage": "Premenopause", "symptom_definition": "Hot flushes", "severity_threshold": "Moderately-to-severely bothersome", "recall_window": "Previous 4 weeks", "study_design": "Cross-sectional national study using a non-probability panel", "data_collection_period": "October 27, 2023 through March 19, 2024", "publication_year": "2025", "evidence_class": "Population estimate", "source_title": "Prevalence and severity of symptoms across the menopause transition: cross-sectional findings from the Australian Women's Midlife Years (AMY) Study", "source_organization": "The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00138-X", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00138-X; PMID:40720963", "safe_wording": "8.8% of premenopausal participants reported moderately-to-severely bothersome hot flushes in the previous four weeks.", "not_safe_to_say": "Only 8.8% of premenopausal women ever experience hot flashes.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Cross-sectional stage comparison; not a within-person change.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council. Recruitment used a non-probability panel.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-019", "topic": "Moderately-to-severely bothersome hot flushes: late perimenopause", "estimate": "37.3", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "31.5", "upper_ci": "43.0", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "271", "population": "Australian women aged 40–69 classified by STRAW+10", "geography": "Australia", "menopause_stage": "Late perimenopause", "symptom_definition": "Hot flushes", "severity_threshold": "Moderately-to-severely bothersome", "recall_window": "Previous 4 weeks", "study_design": "Cross-sectional national study using a non-probability panel", "data_collection_period": "October 27, 2023 through March 19, 2024", "publication_year": "2025", "evidence_class": "Population estimate", "source_title": "Prevalence and severity of symptoms across the menopause transition: cross-sectional findings from the Australian Women's Midlife Years (AMY) Study", "source_organization": "The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00138-X", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00138-X; PMID:40720963", "safe_wording": "37.3% of late-perimenopausal participants reported moderately-to-severely bothersome hot flushes in the previous four weeks.", "not_safe_to_say": "37.3% is the prevalence of any hot flash across all perimenopause.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Cross-sectional stage comparison; not a within-person change.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council. Recruitment used a non-probability panel.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-020", "topic": "Adjusted prevalence ratio: late perimenopause versus premenopause", "estimate": "4.74", "unit": "prevalence ratio", "lower_ci": "3.64", "upper_ci": "6.19", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "5,509 classified participants", "population": "Australian women aged 40–69 classified by STRAW+10", "geography": "Australia", "menopause_stage": "Late perimenopause versus premenopause", "symptom_definition": "Hot flushes", "severity_threshold": "Moderately-to-severely bothersome", "recall_window": "Previous 4 weeks", "study_design": "Cross-sectional national study using a non-probability panel", "data_collection_period": "October 27, 2023 through March 19, 2024", "publication_year": "2025", "evidence_class": "Population estimate", "source_title": "Prevalence and severity of symptoms across the menopause transition: cross-sectional findings from the Australian Women's Midlife Years (AMY) Study", "source_organization": "The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00138-X", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00138-X; PMID:40720963", "safe_wording": "The adjusted prevalence ratio was 4.74 for the study-defined bothersome hot-flush outcome.", "not_safe_to_say": "Late perimenopause causes exactly 4.74 times as many hot flashes.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Cross-sectional stage comparison; not a within-person change.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council. Recruitment used a non-probability panel.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-021", "topic": "Monthly hot-flash reporting five to eight years before FMP", "estimate": "~20", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "955 participants; hot-flash model used 935 women", "population": "SWAN Menstrual Calendar substudy participants", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "5–8 years before FMP", "symptom_definition": "Monthly self-reported hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "", "recall_window": "Monthly calendar", "study_design": "Prospective longitudinal menstrual-calendar substudy with mixed-effects modeling", "data_collection_period": "Ten-year calendar observation period", "publication_year": "2020", "evidence_class": "Longitudinal model estimate", "source_title": "Monthly variation of hot flashes, night sweats, and trouble sleeping: effect of season and proximity to the final menstrual period in the SWAN Menstrual Calendar substudy", "source_organization": "Menopause / SWAN", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001420", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001420; PMID:31567864", "safe_wording": "The study reported approximately ~20% monthly hot-flash reporting at this FMP-aligned landmark.", "not_safe_to_say": "This is a lifetime prevalence rate.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Approximate model landmarks aligned to the final menstrual period.", "funding_conflict_note": "NIH-supported SWAN research; author financial disclosures are listed in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-022", "topic": "Monthly hot-flash reporting in year before FMP", "estimate": "~48", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "955 participants; hot-flash model used 935 women", "population": "SWAN Menstrual Calendar substudy participants", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "Year before FMP", "symptom_definition": "Monthly self-reported hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "", "recall_window": "Monthly calendar", "study_design": "Prospective longitudinal menstrual-calendar substudy with mixed-effects modeling", "data_collection_period": "Ten-year calendar observation period", "publication_year": "2020", "evidence_class": "Longitudinal model estimate", "source_title": "Monthly variation of hot flashes, night sweats, and trouble sleeping: effect of season and proximity to the final menstrual period in the SWAN Menstrual Calendar substudy", "source_organization": "Menopause / SWAN", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001420", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001420; PMID:31567864", "safe_wording": "The study reported approximately ~48% monthly hot-flash reporting at this FMP-aligned landmark.", "not_safe_to_say": "This is a lifetime prevalence rate.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Approximate model landmarks aligned to the final menstrual period.", "funding_conflict_note": "NIH-supported SWAN research; author financial disclosures are listed in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-023", "topic": "Monthly hot-flash reporting in year after FMP", "estimate": "~60", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "955 participants; hot-flash model used 935 women", "population": "SWAN Menstrual Calendar substudy participants", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "Year after FMP", "symptom_definition": "Monthly self-reported hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "", "recall_window": "Monthly calendar", "study_design": "Prospective longitudinal menstrual-calendar substudy with mixed-effects modeling", "data_collection_period": "Ten-year calendar observation period", "publication_year": "2020", "evidence_class": "Longitudinal model estimate", "source_title": "Monthly variation of hot flashes, night sweats, and trouble sleeping: effect of season and proximity to the final menstrual period in the SWAN Menstrual Calendar substudy", "source_organization": "Menopause / SWAN", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001420", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001420; PMID:31567864", "safe_wording": "The study reported approximately ~60% monthly hot-flash reporting at this FMP-aligned landmark.", "not_safe_to_say": "This is a lifetime prevalence rate.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Approximate model landmarks aligned to the final menstrual period.", "funding_conflict_note": "NIH-supported SWAN research; author financial disclosures are listed in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-024", "topic": "Seasonal peak-versus-minimum odds of reporting hot flashes", "estimate": "66", "unit": "percent greater odds", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "955 participants", "population": "SWAN Menstrual Calendar substudy participants", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "Across FMP-aligned observation", "symptom_definition": "Monthly self-reported hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "", "recall_window": "Monthly calendar", "study_design": "Prospective longitudinal menstrual-calendar substudy with mixed-effects modeling", "data_collection_period": "Ten-year calendar observation period", "publication_year": "2020", "evidence_class": "Longitudinal model estimate", "source_title": "Monthly variation of hot flashes, night sweats, and trouble sleeping: effect of season and proximity to the final menstrual period in the SWAN Menstrual Calendar substudy", "source_organization": "Menopause / SWAN", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001420", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001420; PMID:31567864", "safe_wording": "The odds of reporting a hot flash were 66% greater at the modeled seasonal peak than at the minimum.", "not_safe_to_say": "Prevalence rose by 66 percentage points.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Approximate model landmarks aligned to the final menstrual period.", "funding_conflict_note": "NIH-supported SWAN research; author financial disclosures are listed in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-025", "topic": "Current smoking association with monthly hot-flash reporting", "estimate": "2.48", "unit": "odds ratio", "lower_ci": "1.41", "upper_ci": "4.36", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "SWAN calendar model", "population": "SWAN Menstrual Calendar substudy participants", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Monthly self-reported hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "", "recall_window": "Monthly calendar", "study_design": "Prospective longitudinal menstrual-calendar substudy with mixed-effects modeling", "data_collection_period": "Ten-year calendar observation period", "publication_year": "2020", "evidence_class": "Longitudinal model estimate", "source_title": "Monthly variation of hot flashes, night sweats, and trouble sleeping: effect of season and proximity to the final menstrual period in the SWAN Menstrual Calendar substudy", "source_organization": "Menopause / SWAN", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001420", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001420; PMID:31567864", "safe_wording": "Current smoking was associated with OR 2.48 for monthly hot-flash reporting in this observational model.", "not_safe_to_say": "Smoking causes exactly 2.48 times as many hot flashes.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Approximate model landmarks aligned to the final menstrual period.", "funding_conflict_note": "NIH-supported SWAN research; author financial disclosures are listed in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-026", "topic": "Hormone-therapy association before FMP", "estimate": "0.58", "unit": "odds ratio", "lower_ci": "0.45", "upper_ci": "0.75", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "SWAN calendar model", "population": "SWAN Menstrual Calendar substudy participants", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "Before FMP", "symptom_definition": "Monthly self-reported hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "", "recall_window": "Monthly calendar", "study_design": "Prospective longitudinal menstrual-calendar substudy with mixed-effects modeling", "data_collection_period": "Ten-year calendar observation period", "publication_year": "2020", "evidence_class": "Longitudinal model estimate", "source_title": "Monthly variation of hot flashes, night sweats, and trouble sleeping: effect of season and proximity to the final menstrual period in the SWAN Menstrual Calendar substudy", "source_organization": "Menopause / SWAN", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001420", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001420; PMID:31567864", "safe_wording": "Hormone-therapy use was associated with lower odds before the FMP in this observational model.", "not_safe_to_say": "This odds ratio is a randomized treatment effect.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Approximate model landmarks aligned to the final menstrual period.", "funding_conflict_note": "NIH-supported SWAN research; author financial disclosures are listed in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-027", "topic": "Hormone-therapy association after FMP", "estimate": "0.1", "unit": "odds ratio", "lower_ci": "0.06", "upper_ci": "0.15", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "SWAN calendar model", "population": "SWAN Menstrual Calendar substudy participants", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "After FMP", "symptom_definition": "Monthly self-reported hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "", "recall_window": "Monthly calendar", "study_design": "Prospective longitudinal menstrual-calendar substudy with mixed-effects modeling", "data_collection_period": "Ten-year calendar observation period", "publication_year": "2020", "evidence_class": "Longitudinal model estimate", "source_title": "Monthly variation of hot flashes, night sweats, and trouble sleeping: effect of season and proximity to the final menstrual period in the SWAN Menstrual Calendar substudy", "source_organization": "Menopause / SWAN", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001420", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001420; PMID:31567864", "safe_wording": "Hormone-therapy use was associated with lower odds after the FMP in this observational model.", "not_safe_to_say": "This odds ratio proves a 90% reduction in absolute risk.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Approximate model landmarks aligned to the final menstrual period.", "funding_conflict_note": "NIH-supported SWAN research; author financial disclosures are listed in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-028", "topic": "Hot flashes on 1–3 days in previous 4 weeks", "estimate": "29.1", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,726", "population": "U.S. peri- and postmenopausal women reporting current hot flashes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Current hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Any current hot flash", "recall_window": "Previous 4 weeks", "study_design": "Online cross-sectional survey from a nationally representative sampling design", "data_collection_period": "April 2005", "publication_year": "2008", "evidence_class": "Current-sufferer survey estimate", "source_title": "Frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States", "source_organization": "Climacteric", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13697130701744696", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1080/13697130701744696; PMID:18202963", "safe_wording": "29.1% of current sufferers selected this frequency category.", "not_safe_to_say": "29.1% of all U.S. women have this frequency.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Denominators include current sufferers only, not all surveyed women.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; author affiliations included GlaxoSmithKline and RTI Health Solutions.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-029", "topic": "Hot flashes 1–2 days per week", "estimate": "20.2", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,726", "population": "U.S. peri- and postmenopausal women reporting current hot flashes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Current hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Any current hot flash", "recall_window": "Previous 4 weeks", "study_design": "Online cross-sectional survey from a nationally representative sampling design", "data_collection_period": "April 2005", "publication_year": "2008", "evidence_class": "Current-sufferer survey estimate", "source_title": "Frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States", "source_organization": "Climacteric", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13697130701744696", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1080/13697130701744696; PMID:18202963", "safe_wording": "20.2% of current sufferers selected this frequency category.", "not_safe_to_say": "20.2% of all U.S. women have this frequency.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Denominators include current sufferers only, not all surveyed women.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; author affiliations included GlaxoSmithKline and RTI Health Solutions.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-030", "topic": "Hot flashes 3–4 days per week", "estimate": "18.2", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,726", "population": "U.S. peri- and postmenopausal women reporting current hot flashes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Current hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Any current hot flash", "recall_window": "Previous 4 weeks", "study_design": "Online cross-sectional survey from a nationally representative sampling design", "data_collection_period": "April 2005", "publication_year": "2008", "evidence_class": "Current-sufferer survey estimate", "source_title": "Frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States", "source_organization": "Climacteric", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13697130701744696", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1080/13697130701744696; PMID:18202963", "safe_wording": "18.2% of current sufferers selected this frequency category.", "not_safe_to_say": "18.2% of all U.S. women have this frequency.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Denominators include current sufferers only, not all surveyed women.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; author affiliations included GlaxoSmithKline and RTI Health Solutions.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-031", "topic": "Hot flashes 5–6 days per week", "estimate": "8.9", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,726", "population": "U.S. peri- and postmenopausal women reporting current hot flashes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Current hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Any current hot flash", "recall_window": "Previous 4 weeks", "study_design": "Online cross-sectional survey from a nationally representative sampling design", "data_collection_period": "April 2005", "publication_year": "2008", "evidence_class": "Current-sufferer survey estimate", "source_title": "Frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States", "source_organization": "Climacteric", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13697130701744696", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1080/13697130701744696; PMID:18202963", "safe_wording": "8.9% of current sufferers selected this frequency category.", "not_safe_to_say": "8.9% of all U.S. women have this frequency.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Denominators include current sufferers only, not all surveyed women.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; author affiliations included GlaxoSmithKline and RTI Health Solutions.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-032", "topic": "Hot flashes every day", "estimate": "23.7", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,726", "population": "U.S. peri- and postmenopausal women reporting current hot flashes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Current hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Any current hot flash", "recall_window": "Previous 4 weeks", "study_design": "Online cross-sectional survey from a nationally representative sampling design", "data_collection_period": "April 2005", "publication_year": "2008", "evidence_class": "Current-sufferer survey estimate", "source_title": "Frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States", "source_organization": "Climacteric", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13697130701744696", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1080/13697130701744696; PMID:18202963", "safe_wording": "23.7% of current sufferers selected this frequency category.", "not_safe_to_say": "23.7% of all U.S. women have this frequency.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Denominators include current sufferers only, not all surveyed women.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; author affiliations included GlaxoSmithKline and RTI Health Solutions.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-033", "topic": "One to two hot flashes on a symptomatic day", "estimate": "62.5", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,827", "population": "U.S. peri- and postmenopausal women reporting current hot flashes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Current hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Any current hot flash", "recall_window": "Typical symptomatic day", "study_design": "Online cross-sectional survey from a nationally representative sampling design", "data_collection_period": "April 2005", "publication_year": "2008", "evidence_class": "Current-sufferer survey estimate", "source_title": "Frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States", "source_organization": "Climacteric", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13697130701744696", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1080/13697130701744696; PMID:18202963", "safe_wording": "62.5% of current sufferers selected this episode-count category.", "not_safe_to_say": "62.5% is a population-wide daily rate.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Denominators include current sufferers only, not all surveyed women.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; author affiliations included GlaxoSmithKline and RTI Health Solutions.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-034", "topic": "Three to four on a symptomatic day", "estimate": "23.5", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,827", "population": "U.S. peri- and postmenopausal women reporting current hot flashes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Current hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Any current hot flash", "recall_window": "Typical symptomatic day", "study_design": "Online cross-sectional survey from a nationally representative sampling design", "data_collection_period": "April 2005", "publication_year": "2008", "evidence_class": "Current-sufferer survey estimate", "source_title": "Frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States", "source_organization": "Climacteric", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13697130701744696", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1080/13697130701744696; PMID:18202963", "safe_wording": "23.5% of current sufferers selected this episode-count category.", "not_safe_to_say": "23.5% is a population-wide daily rate.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Denominators include current sufferers only, not all surveyed women.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; author affiliations included GlaxoSmithKline and RTI Health Solutions.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-035", "topic": "Five to six on a symptomatic day", "estimate": "7.9", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,827", "population": "U.S. peri- and postmenopausal women reporting current hot flashes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Current hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Any current hot flash", "recall_window": "Typical symptomatic day", "study_design": "Online cross-sectional survey from a nationally representative sampling design", "data_collection_period": "April 2005", "publication_year": "2008", "evidence_class": "Current-sufferer survey estimate", "source_title": "Frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States", "source_organization": "Climacteric", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13697130701744696", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1080/13697130701744696; PMID:18202963", "safe_wording": "7.9% of current sufferers selected this episode-count category.", "not_safe_to_say": "7.9% is a population-wide daily rate.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Denominators include current sufferers only, not all surveyed women.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; author affiliations included GlaxoSmithKline and RTI Health Solutions.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-036", "topic": "Seven or more on a symptomatic day", "estimate": "6.1", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,827", "population": "U.S. peri- and postmenopausal women reporting current hot flashes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Current hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Any current hot flash", "recall_window": "Typical symptomatic day", "study_design": "Online cross-sectional survey from a nationally representative sampling design", "data_collection_period": "April 2005", "publication_year": "2008", "evidence_class": "Current-sufferer survey estimate", "source_title": "Frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States", "source_organization": "Climacteric", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13697130701744696", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1080/13697130701744696; PMID:18202963", "safe_wording": "6.1% of current sufferers selected this episode-count category.", "not_safe_to_say": "6.1% is a population-wide daily rate.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Denominators include current sufferers only, not all surveyed women.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; author affiliations included GlaxoSmithKline and RTI Health Solutions.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-037", "topic": "Typical episode under one minute", "estimate": "20.3", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,834", "population": "U.S. peri- and postmenopausal women reporting current hot flashes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Current hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Any current hot flash", "recall_window": "Typical episode", "study_design": "Online cross-sectional survey from a nationally representative sampling design", "data_collection_period": "April 2005", "publication_year": "2008", "evidence_class": "Current-sufferer survey estimate", "source_title": "Frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States", "source_organization": "Climacteric", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13697130701744696", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1080/13697130701744696; PMID:18202963", "safe_wording": "20.3% of current sufferers selected this typical episode-duration category.", "not_safe_to_say": "20.3% of all hot-flash events last this long.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Denominators include current sufferers only, not all surveyed women.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; author affiliations included GlaxoSmithKline and RTI Health Solutions.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-038", "topic": "Typical episode one to two minutes", "estimate": "43.4", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,834", "population": "U.S. peri- and postmenopausal women reporting current hot flashes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Current hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Any current hot flash", "recall_window": "Typical episode", "study_design": "Online cross-sectional survey from a nationally representative sampling design", "data_collection_period": "April 2005", "publication_year": "2008", "evidence_class": "Current-sufferer survey estimate", "source_title": "Frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States", "source_organization": "Climacteric", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13697130701744696", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1080/13697130701744696; PMID:18202963", "safe_wording": "43.4% of current sufferers selected this typical episode-duration category.", "not_safe_to_say": "43.4% of all hot-flash events last this long.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Denominators include current sufferers only, not all surveyed women.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; author affiliations included GlaxoSmithKline and RTI Health Solutions.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-039", "topic": "Typical episode three to five minutes", "estimate": "25.3", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,834", "population": "U.S. peri- and postmenopausal women reporting current hot flashes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Current hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Any current hot flash", "recall_window": "Typical episode", "study_design": "Online cross-sectional survey from a nationally representative sampling design", "data_collection_period": "April 2005", "publication_year": "2008", "evidence_class": "Current-sufferer survey estimate", "source_title": "Frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States", "source_organization": "Climacteric", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13697130701744696", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1080/13697130701744696; PMID:18202963", "safe_wording": "25.3% of current sufferers selected this typical episode-duration category.", "not_safe_to_say": "25.3% of all hot-flash events last this long.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Denominators include current sufferers only, not all surveyed women.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; author affiliations included GlaxoSmithKline and RTI Health Solutions.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-040", "topic": "Typical episode more than five minutes", "estimate": "11.0", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,834", "population": "U.S. peri- and postmenopausal women reporting current hot flashes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Current hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Any current hot flash", "recall_window": "Typical episode", "study_design": "Online cross-sectional survey from a nationally representative sampling design", "data_collection_period": "April 2005", "publication_year": "2008", "evidence_class": "Current-sufferer survey estimate", "source_title": "Frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States", "source_organization": "Climacteric", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13697130701744696", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1080/13697130701744696; PMID:18202963", "safe_wording": "11.0% of current sufferers selected this typical episode-duration category.", "not_safe_to_say": "11.0% of all hot-flash events last this long.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Denominators include current sufferers only, not all surveyed women.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; author affiliations included GlaxoSmithKline and RTI Health Solutions.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-041", "topic": "Mean very-mild/mild daytime episodes among daily sufferers", "estimate": "2.5", "unit": "mean episodes per day", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "405 daily daytime sufferers", "population": "U.S. peri- and postmenopausal women reporting current hot flashes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Current hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Very mild or mild", "recall_window": "Typical day", "study_design": "Online cross-sectional survey from a nationally representative sampling design", "data_collection_period": "April 2005", "publication_year": "2008", "evidence_class": "Current-sufferer survey estimate", "source_title": "Frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States", "source_organization": "Climacteric", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13697130701744696", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1080/13697130701744696; PMID:18202963", "safe_wording": "The published mean for the very mild or mild category was 2.5 among women reporting daytime symptoms every day.", "not_safe_to_say": "The average woman has 2.5 very mild or mild episodes daily.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Denominators include current sufferers only, not all surveyed women.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; author affiliations included GlaxoSmithKline and RTI Health Solutions.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-042", "topic": "Mean moderate daytime episodes among daily sufferers", "estimate": "2.6", "unit": "mean episodes per day", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "405 daily daytime sufferers", "population": "U.S. peri- and postmenopausal women reporting current hot flashes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Current hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Moderate", "recall_window": "Typical day", "study_design": "Online cross-sectional survey from a nationally representative sampling design", "data_collection_period": "April 2005", "publication_year": "2008", "evidence_class": "Current-sufferer survey estimate", "source_title": "Frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States", "source_organization": "Climacteric", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13697130701744696", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1080/13697130701744696; PMID:18202963", "safe_wording": "The published mean for the moderate category was 2.6 among women reporting daytime symptoms every day.", "not_safe_to_say": "The average woman has 2.6 moderate episodes daily.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Denominators include current sufferers only, not all surveyed women.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; author affiliations included GlaxoSmithKline and RTI Health Solutions.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-043", "topic": "Mean severe daytime episodes among daily sufferers", "estimate": "2.5", "unit": "mean episodes per day", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "405 daily daytime sufferers", "population": "U.S. peri- and postmenopausal women reporting current hot flashes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Current hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Severe", "recall_window": "Typical day", "study_design": "Online cross-sectional survey from a nationally representative sampling design", "data_collection_period": "April 2005", "publication_year": "2008", "evidence_class": "Current-sufferer survey estimate", "source_title": "Frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States", "source_organization": "Climacteric", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13697130701744696", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1080/13697130701744696; PMID:18202963", "safe_wording": "The published mean for the severe category was 2.5 among women reporting daytime symptoms every day.", "not_safe_to_say": "The average woman has 2.5 severe episodes daily.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Denominators include current sufferers only, not all surveyed women.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; author affiliations included GlaxoSmithKline and RTI Health Solutions.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-044", "topic": "Mean very-severe daytime episodes among daily sufferers", "estimate": "1.4", "unit": "mean episodes per day", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "405 daily daytime sufferers", "population": "U.S. peri- and postmenopausal women reporting current hot flashes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Current hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Very severe", "recall_window": "Typical day", "study_design": "Online cross-sectional survey from a nationally representative sampling design", "data_collection_period": "April 2005", "publication_year": "2008", "evidence_class": "Current-sufferer survey estimate", "source_title": "Frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms among peri- and postmenopausal women in the United States", "source_organization": "Climacteric", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/13697130701744696", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1080/13697130701744696; PMID:18202963", "safe_wording": "The published mean for the very severe category was 1.4 among women reporting daytime symptoms every day.", "not_safe_to_say": "The average woman has 1.4 very severe episodes daily.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Denominators include current sufferers only, not all surveyed women.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; author affiliations included GlaxoSmithKline and RTI Health Solutions.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-045", "topic": "Median total duration of frequent VMS", "estimate": "7.4", "unit": "years", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,449", "population": "SWAN women who reported frequent VMS at one or more annual visits", "geography": "Seven U.S. SWAN sites", "menopause_stage": "Across transition", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes or night sweats", "severity_threshold": "Frequent: symptoms on at least 6 days in the previous 2 weeks", "recall_window": "Previous 2 weeks at approximately annual visits", "study_design": "Longitudinal observational cohort with time-to-event analysis", "data_collection_period": "February 1996 through April 2013", "publication_year": "2015", "evidence_class": "Symptomatic-cohort duration estimate", "source_title": "Duration of menopausal vasomotor symptoms over the menopause transition", "source_organization": "JAMA Internal Medicine / SWAN", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8063", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8063; PMID:25686030", "safe_wording": "The study reported a median of 7.4 years for this defined frequent-VMS group.", "not_safe_to_say": "Every woman has symptoms for 7.4 years.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Median in a selected frequent-VMS cohort; combined VMS, not hot flashes alone.", "funding_conflict_note": "NIH-supported SWAN research; the article reports no other disclosures.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-046", "topic": "Median post-FMP persistence of frequent VMS", "estimate": "4.5", "unit": "years", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "881", "population": "SWAN women who reported frequent VMS at one or more annual visits", "geography": "Seven U.S. SWAN sites", "menopause_stage": "Postmenopause", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes or night sweats", "severity_threshold": "Frequent: symptoms on at least 6 days in the previous 2 weeks", "recall_window": "Previous 2 weeks at approximately annual visits", "study_design": "Longitudinal observational cohort with time-to-event analysis", "data_collection_period": "February 1996 through April 2013", "publication_year": "2015", "evidence_class": "Symptomatic-cohort duration estimate", "source_title": "Duration of menopausal vasomotor symptoms over the menopause transition", "source_organization": "JAMA Internal Medicine / SWAN", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8063", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8063; PMID:25686030", "safe_wording": "The study reported a median of 4.5 years for this defined frequent-VMS group.", "not_safe_to_say": "Every woman has symptoms for 4.5 years.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Median in a selected frequent-VMS cohort; combined VMS, not hot flashes alone.", "funding_conflict_note": "NIH-supported SWAN research; the article reports no other disclosures.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-047", "topic": "Median total duration with premenopausal or early-perimenopausal onset", "estimate": ">11.8", "unit": "years", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,449 subgroup", "population": "SWAN women who reported frequent VMS at one or more annual visits", "geography": "Seven U.S. SWAN sites", "menopause_stage": "Early onset", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes or night sweats", "severity_threshold": "Frequent: symptoms on at least 6 days in the previous 2 weeks", "recall_window": "Previous 2 weeks at approximately annual visits", "study_design": "Longitudinal observational cohort with time-to-event analysis", "data_collection_period": "February 1996 through April 2013", "publication_year": "2015", "evidence_class": "Symptomatic-cohort duration estimate", "source_title": "Duration of menopausal vasomotor symptoms over the menopause transition", "source_organization": "JAMA Internal Medicine / SWAN", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8063", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8063; PMID:25686030", "safe_wording": "The study reported a median of >11.8 years for this defined frequent-VMS group.", "not_safe_to_say": "Every woman has symptoms for >11.8 years.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Median in a selected frequent-VMS cohort; combined VMS, not hot flashes alone.", "funding_conflict_note": "NIH-supported SWAN research; the article reports no other disclosures.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-048", "topic": "Median post-FMP persistence with early onset", "estimate": "9.4", "unit": "years", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "881 subgroup", "population": "SWAN women who reported frequent VMS at one or more annual visits", "geography": "Seven U.S. SWAN sites", "menopause_stage": "Early onset", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes or night sweats", "severity_threshold": "Frequent: symptoms on at least 6 days in the previous 2 weeks", "recall_window": "Previous 2 weeks at approximately annual visits", "study_design": "Longitudinal observational cohort with time-to-event analysis", "data_collection_period": "February 1996 through April 2013", "publication_year": "2015", "evidence_class": "Symptomatic-cohort duration estimate", "source_title": "Duration of menopausal vasomotor symptoms over the menopause transition", "source_organization": "JAMA Internal Medicine / SWAN", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8063", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8063; PMID:25686030", "safe_wording": "The study reported a median of 9.4 years for this defined frequent-VMS group.", "not_safe_to_say": "Every woman has symptoms for 9.4 years.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Median in a selected frequent-VMS cohort; combined VMS, not hot flashes alone.", "funding_conflict_note": "NIH-supported SWAN research; the article reports no other disclosures.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-049", "topic": "Median total duration with postmenopausal onset", "estimate": "3.4", "unit": "years", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,449 subgroup", "population": "SWAN women who reported frequent VMS at one or more annual visits", "geography": "Seven U.S. SWAN sites", "menopause_stage": "Postmenopausal onset", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes or night sweats", "severity_threshold": "Frequent: symptoms on at least 6 days in the previous 2 weeks", "recall_window": "Previous 2 weeks at approximately annual visits", "study_design": "Longitudinal observational cohort with time-to-event analysis", "data_collection_period": "February 1996 through April 2013", "publication_year": "2015", "evidence_class": "Symptomatic-cohort duration estimate", "source_title": "Duration of menopausal vasomotor symptoms over the menopause transition", "source_organization": "JAMA Internal Medicine / SWAN", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8063", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8063; PMID:25686030", "safe_wording": "The study reported a median of 3.4 years for this defined frequent-VMS group.", "not_safe_to_say": "Every woman has symptoms for 3.4 years.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Median in a selected frequent-VMS cohort; combined VMS, not hot flashes alone.", "funding_conflict_note": "NIH-supported SWAN research; the article reports no other disclosures.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-050", "topic": "Median duration of moderate-to-severe hot flushes", "estimate": "10.2", "unit": "years", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "259 primary analysis", "population": "Penn Ovarian Aging Study participants with hot flushes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "All onset stages", "symptom_definition": "Hot flushes", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to severe", "recall_window": "Repeated interviews at 9- to 12-month intervals", "study_design": "Longitudinal cohort with survival analysis", "data_collection_period": "13-year follow-up", "publication_year": "2011", "evidence_class": "Symptomatic-cohort duration estimate", "source_title": "Duration of menopausal hot flushes and associated risk factors", "source_organization": "Obstetrics & Gynecology / Penn Ovarian Aging Study", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e318214f0de", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e318214f0de; PMID:21508748", "safe_wording": "The Penn cohort reported a median of 10.2 years for this subgroup.", "not_safe_to_say": "10.2 years is the universal duration.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Survival-estimated median for moderate-to-severe hot flushes.", "funding_conflict_note": "Population-based longitudinal cohort; source disclosures are recorded in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-051", "topic": "Median duration for onset near entry to transition", "estimate": ">11.57", "unit": "years", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "259 primary analysis", "population": "Penn Ovarian Aging Study participants with hot flushes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "Near entry to transition", "symptom_definition": "Hot flushes", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to severe", "recall_window": "Repeated interviews at 9- to 12-month intervals", "study_design": "Longitudinal cohort with survival analysis", "data_collection_period": "13-year follow-up", "publication_year": "2011", "evidence_class": "Symptomatic-cohort duration estimate", "source_title": "Duration of menopausal hot flushes and associated risk factors", "source_organization": "Obstetrics & Gynecology / Penn Ovarian Aging Study", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e318214f0de", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e318214f0de; PMID:21508748", "safe_wording": "The Penn cohort reported a median of >11.57 years for this subgroup.", "not_safe_to_say": ">11.57 years is the universal duration.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Survival-estimated median for moderate-to-severe hot flushes.", "funding_conflict_note": "Population-based longitudinal cohort; source disclosures are recorded in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-052", "topic": "Median duration for early-transition onset", "estimate": "7.35", "unit": "years", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "259 primary analysis", "population": "Penn Ovarian Aging Study participants with hot flushes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "Early transition", "symptom_definition": "Hot flushes", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to severe", "recall_window": "Repeated interviews at 9- to 12-month intervals", "study_design": "Longitudinal cohort with survival analysis", "data_collection_period": "13-year follow-up", "publication_year": "2011", "evidence_class": "Symptomatic-cohort duration estimate", "source_title": "Duration of menopausal hot flushes and associated risk factors", "source_organization": "Obstetrics & Gynecology / Penn Ovarian Aging Study", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e318214f0de", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e318214f0de; PMID:21508748", "safe_wording": "The Penn cohort reported a median of 7.35 years for this subgroup.", "not_safe_to_say": "7.35 years is the universal duration.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Survival-estimated median for moderate-to-severe hot flushes.", "funding_conflict_note": "Population-based longitudinal cohort; source disclosures are recorded in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-053", "topic": "Median duration for late-transition or postmenopausal onset", "estimate": "3.84", "unit": "years", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "259 primary analysis", "population": "Penn Ovarian Aging Study participants with hot flushes", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "Late transition or postmenopause", "symptom_definition": "Hot flushes", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to severe", "recall_window": "Repeated interviews at 9- to 12-month intervals", "study_design": "Longitudinal cohort with survival analysis", "data_collection_period": "13-year follow-up", "publication_year": "2011", "evidence_class": "Symptomatic-cohort duration estimate", "source_title": "Duration of menopausal hot flushes and associated risk factors", "source_organization": "Obstetrics & Gynecology / Penn Ovarian Aging Study", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e318214f0de", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e318214f0de; PMID:21508748", "safe_wording": "The Penn cohort reported a median of 3.84 years for this subgroup.", "not_safe_to_say": "3.84 years is the universal duration.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Survival-estimated median for moderate-to-severe hot flushes.", "funding_conflict_note": "Population-based longitudinal cohort; source disclosures are recorded in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-054", "topic": "Mean duration of moderate/severe hot flashes after FMP", "estimate": "4.6", "unit": "years", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "255", "population": "Penn Ovarian Aging Study women premenopausal at baseline who reached natural menopause", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "Postmenopause", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes after the final menstrual period", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to severe", "recall_window": "Annual assessments", "study_design": "Longitudinal cohort", "data_collection_period": "Up to 16 years of follow-up", "publication_year": "2014", "evidence_class": "Post-FMP duration estimate", "source_title": "Risk of long-term hot flashes after natural menopause: evidence from the Penn Ovarian Aging Study cohort", "source_organization": "Menopause / Penn Ovarian Aging Study", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000196", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000000196; PMID:24473530", "safe_wording": "Mean post-FMP duration was 4.6 years for moderate/severe hot flashes.", "not_safe_to_say": "The median total duration was 4.6 years.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Mean duration after the FMP; not a median total duration from onset.", "funding_conflict_note": "Population-based longitudinal cohort; source disclosures are recorded in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-055", "topic": "Mean duration of any hot flashes after FMP", "estimate": "4.9", "unit": "years", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "255", "population": "Penn Ovarian Aging Study women premenopausal at baseline who reached natural menopause", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "Postmenopause", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes after the final menstrual period", "severity_threshold": "Any", "recall_window": "Annual assessments", "study_design": "Longitudinal cohort", "data_collection_period": "Up to 16 years of follow-up", "publication_year": "2014", "evidence_class": "Post-FMP duration estimate", "source_title": "Risk of long-term hot flashes after natural menopause: evidence from the Penn Ovarian Aging Study cohort", "source_organization": "Menopause / Penn Ovarian Aging Study", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000196", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000000196; PMID:24473530", "safe_wording": "Mean post-FMP duration was 4.9 years for any hot flashes.", "not_safe_to_say": "Every hot flash lasts 4.9 years.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Mean duration after the FMP; not a median total duration from onset.", "funding_conflict_note": "Population-based longitudinal cohort; source disclosures are recorded in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-056", "topic": "Peak prevalence of moderate/severe hot flashes in first 2 years after FMP", "estimate": "46", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "255", "population": "Penn Ovarian Aging Study women premenopausal at baseline who reached natural menopause", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "First 2 years after FMP", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes after the final menstrual period", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to severe", "recall_window": "Annual assessments", "study_design": "Longitudinal cohort", "data_collection_period": "Up to 16 years of follow-up", "publication_year": "2014", "evidence_class": "Post-FMP duration estimate", "source_title": "Risk of long-term hot flashes after natural menopause: evidence from the Penn Ovarian Aging Study cohort", "source_organization": "Menopause / Penn Ovarian Aging Study", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000196", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000000196; PMID:24473530", "safe_wording": "Moderate/severe hot-flash prevalence peaked at 46% in the first two years after the FMP in this cohort.", "not_safe_to_say": "46% is a universal postmenopausal rate.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Mean duration after the FMP; not a median total duration from onset.", "funding_conflict_note": "Population-based longitudinal cohort; source disclosures are recorded in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-057", "topic": "Mean duration among women reporting hot flashes had ended", "estimate": "2.5", "unit": "years", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "238 ended-symptom participants", "population": "Midlife Women’s Health Study participants reporting hot flashes", "geography": "Baltimore region, United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Self-reported hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Any", "recall_window": "Annual follow-up plus recalled age at onset", "study_design": "Longitudinal cohort with descriptive and censored duration analyses", "data_collection_period": "Participants followed 1–7 years", "publication_year": "2016", "evidence_class": "Observed-duration estimate", "source_title": "Risk Factors for Extended Duration and Timing of Peak Severity of Hot Flashes", "source_organization": "PLOS ONE / Midlife Women’s Health Study", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155079", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155079; PMID:27149066", "safe_wording": "Among women who reported an end, the mean duration was 2.5 years.", "not_safe_to_say": "The median hot-flash duration was 2.5 years.", "comparability_flag": "not_directly_comparable", "comparability_note": "Ended-symptom subgroup and all-participant summaries have different selection and censoring.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by the U.S. National Institute on Aging; authors declared no competing interests.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-058", "topic": "Median duration among women reporting hot flashes had ended", "estimate": "1.0", "unit": "years", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "238 ended-symptom participants", "population": "Midlife Women’s Health Study participants reporting hot flashes", "geography": "Baltimore region, United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Self-reported hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Any", "recall_window": "Annual follow-up plus recalled age at onset", "study_design": "Longitudinal cohort with descriptive and censored duration analyses", "data_collection_period": "Participants followed 1–7 years", "publication_year": "2016", "evidence_class": "Observed-duration estimate", "source_title": "Risk Factors for Extended Duration and Timing of Peak Severity of Hot Flashes", "source_organization": "PLOS ONE / Midlife Women’s Health Study", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155079", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155079; PMID:27149066", "safe_wording": "Among women who reported an end, the median duration was 1 year.", "not_safe_to_say": "The general-population median is 1 year.", "comparability_flag": "not_directly_comparable", "comparability_note": "Ended-symptom subgroup and all-participant summaries have different selection and censoring.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by the U.S. National Institute on Aging; authors declared no competing interests.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-059", "topic": "Mean observed duration among all women experiencing hot flashes", "estimate": "6.0", "unit": "years", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "All included women with current or ended hot flashes", "population": "Midlife Women’s Health Study participants reporting hot flashes", "geography": "Baltimore region, United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Self-reported hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Any", "recall_window": "Annual follow-up plus recalled age at onset", "study_design": "Longitudinal cohort with descriptive and censored duration analyses", "data_collection_period": "Participants followed 1–7 years", "publication_year": "2016", "evidence_class": "Observed-duration estimate", "source_title": "Risk Factors for Extended Duration and Timing of Peak Severity of Hot Flashes", "source_organization": "PLOS ONE / Midlife Women’s Health Study", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155079", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155079; PMID:27149066", "safe_wording": "The observed mean at analysis was 6 years when ongoing symptoms were included.", "not_safe_to_say": "The survival-estimated mean duration was 6 years.", "comparability_flag": "not_directly_comparable", "comparability_note": "Ended-symptom subgroup and all-participant summaries have different selection and censoring.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by the U.S. National Institute on Aging; authors declared no competing interests.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-060", "topic": "Median observed duration among all women experiencing hot flashes", "estimate": "4.0", "unit": "years", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "All included women with current or ended hot flashes", "population": "Midlife Women’s Health Study participants reporting hot flashes", "geography": "Baltimore region, United States", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Self-reported hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Any", "recall_window": "Annual follow-up plus recalled age at onset", "study_design": "Longitudinal cohort with descriptive and censored duration analyses", "data_collection_period": "Participants followed 1–7 years", "publication_year": "2016", "evidence_class": "Observed-duration estimate", "source_title": "Risk Factors for Extended Duration and Timing of Peak Severity of Hot Flashes", "source_organization": "PLOS ONE / Midlife Women’s Health Study", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155079", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155079; PMID:27149066", "safe_wording": "The observed median at analysis was 4 years when ongoing symptoms were included.", "not_safe_to_say": "Every cohort has a four-year median.", "comparability_flag": "not_directly_comparable", "comparability_note": "Ended-symptom subgroup and all-participant summaries have different selection and censoring.", "funding_conflict_note": "Funded by the U.S. National Institute on Aging; authors declared no competing interests.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-061", "topic": "Persistently low VMS trajectory", "estimate": "27.0", "unit": "percent of analytic sample", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,455 women; 17,814 observations", "population": "SWAN women with nonsurgical menopause and observable final menstrual period", "geography": "Seven U.S. SWAN sites", "menopause_stage": "Persistently low", "symptom_definition": "Any hot flashes or night sweats in the prior 2 weeks", "severity_threshold": "Any VMS", "recall_window": "Prior 2 weeks at repeated visits", "study_design": "Longitudinal cohort with group-based trajectory modeling", "data_collection_period": "Median follow-up 15.4 years", "publication_year": "2016", "evidence_class": "Model-derived trajectory share", "source_title": "Characterizing the trajectories of vasomotor symptoms across the menopausal transition", "source_organization": "Menopause / SWAN", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000676", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000000676; PMID:27404029", "safe_wording": "The trajectory model assigned 27.0% of the analytic sample to this class.", "not_safe_to_say": "27.0% is the prevalence of ever having hot flashes.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Model-estimated class share; not direct population prevalence.", "funding_conflict_note": "NIH-supported SWAN research; author disclosures are listed in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-062", "topic": "Early-onset, declining VMS trajectory", "estimate": "18.4", "unit": "percent of analytic sample", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,455 women; 17,814 observations", "population": "SWAN women with nonsurgical menopause and observable final menstrual period", "geography": "Seven U.S. SWAN sites", "menopause_stage": "Early onset", "symptom_definition": "Any hot flashes or night sweats in the prior 2 weeks", "severity_threshold": "Any VMS", "recall_window": "Prior 2 weeks at repeated visits", "study_design": "Longitudinal cohort with group-based trajectory modeling", "data_collection_period": "Median follow-up 15.4 years", "publication_year": "2016", "evidence_class": "Model-derived trajectory share", "source_title": "Characterizing the trajectories of vasomotor symptoms across the menopausal transition", "source_organization": "Menopause / SWAN", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000676", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000000676; PMID:27404029", "safe_wording": "The trajectory model assigned 18.4% of the analytic sample to this class.", "not_safe_to_say": "18.4% is the prevalence of ever having hot flashes.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Model-estimated class share; not direct population prevalence.", "funding_conflict_note": "NIH-supported SWAN research; author disclosures are listed in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-063", "topic": "Late-onset VMS trajectory", "estimate": "29.0", "unit": "percent of analytic sample", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,455 women; 17,814 observations", "population": "SWAN women with nonsurgical menopause and observable final menstrual period", "geography": "Seven U.S. SWAN sites", "menopause_stage": "Late onset", "symptom_definition": "Any hot flashes or night sweats in the prior 2 weeks", "severity_threshold": "Any VMS", "recall_window": "Prior 2 weeks at repeated visits", "study_design": "Longitudinal cohort with group-based trajectory modeling", "data_collection_period": "Median follow-up 15.4 years", "publication_year": "2016", "evidence_class": "Model-derived trajectory share", "source_title": "Characterizing the trajectories of vasomotor symptoms across the menopausal transition", "source_organization": "Menopause / SWAN", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000676", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000000676; PMID:27404029", "safe_wording": "The trajectory model assigned 29.0% of the analytic sample to this class.", "not_safe_to_say": "29.0% is the prevalence of ever having hot flashes.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Model-estimated class share; not direct population prevalence.", "funding_conflict_note": "NIH-supported SWAN research; author disclosures are listed in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-064", "topic": "Early-onset, persistently high VMS trajectory", "estimate": "25.6", "unit": "percent of analytic sample", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,455 women; 17,814 observations", "population": "SWAN women with nonsurgical menopause and observable final menstrual period", "geography": "Seven U.S. SWAN sites", "menopause_stage": "Persistently high", "symptom_definition": "Any hot flashes or night sweats in the prior 2 weeks", "severity_threshold": "Any VMS", "recall_window": "Prior 2 weeks at repeated visits", "study_design": "Longitudinal cohort with group-based trajectory modeling", "data_collection_period": "Median follow-up 15.4 years", "publication_year": "2016", "evidence_class": "Model-derived trajectory share", "source_title": "Characterizing the trajectories of vasomotor symptoms across the menopausal transition", "source_organization": "Menopause / SWAN", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000676", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000000676; PMID:27404029", "safe_wording": "The trajectory model assigned 25.6% of the analytic sample to this class.", "not_safe_to_say": "25.6% is the prevalence of ever having hot flashes.", "comparability_flag": "compatible_within_source", "comparability_note": "Model-estimated class share; not direct population prevalence.", "funding_conflict_note": "NIH-supported SWAN research; author disclosures are listed in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-065", "topic": "Overall exploratory concordance", "estimate": "29", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "Included studies in systematic review", "population": "Symptomatic perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in included studies", "geography": "Multiple study settings", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Self-reported hot flushes/night sweats compared with sternal skin conductance", "severity_threshold": "Symptomatic participants", "recall_window": "Concurrent measurement", "study_design": "Systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Search through December 2009", "publication_year": "2011", "evidence_class": "Measurement-concordance synthesis", "source_title": "Concordance between self-reported and sternal skin conductance measures of hot flushes in symptomatic perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review", "source_organization": "Menopause", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e318204a1fb", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e318204a1fb; PMID:21326119", "safe_wording": "The review reported 29% for this measurement comparison.", "not_safe_to_say": "29% is a universal measurement error rate.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Study-to-study variability was too broad to define one typical overall concordance rate.", "funding_conflict_note": "Research Support, Non-U.S. Government; source disclosures are recorded in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-066", "topic": "Ambulatory concordance", "estimate": "29", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "Included studies in systematic review", "population": "Symptomatic perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in included studies", "geography": "Multiple study settings", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Self-reported hot flushes/night sweats compared with sternal skin conductance", "severity_threshold": "Symptomatic participants", "recall_window": "Concurrent measurement", "study_design": "Systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Search through December 2009", "publication_year": "2011", "evidence_class": "Measurement-concordance synthesis", "source_title": "Concordance between self-reported and sternal skin conductance measures of hot flushes in symptomatic perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review", "source_organization": "Menopause", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e318204a1fb", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e318204a1fb; PMID:21326119", "safe_wording": "The review reported 29% for this measurement comparison.", "not_safe_to_say": "29% is a universal measurement error rate.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Study-to-study variability was too broad to define one typical overall concordance rate.", "funding_conflict_note": "Research Support, Non-U.S. Government; source disclosures are recorded in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-067", "topic": "Nonambulatory concordance", "estimate": "54", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "Included studies in systematic review", "population": "Symptomatic perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in included studies", "geography": "Multiple study settings", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Self-reported hot flushes/night sweats compared with sternal skin conductance", "severity_threshold": "Symptomatic participants", "recall_window": "Concurrent measurement", "study_design": "Systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Search through December 2009", "publication_year": "2011", "evidence_class": "Measurement-concordance synthesis", "source_title": "Concordance between self-reported and sternal skin conductance measures of hot flushes in symptomatic perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review", "source_organization": "Menopause", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e318204a1fb", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e318204a1fb; PMID:21326119", "safe_wording": "The review reported 54% for this measurement comparison.", "not_safe_to_say": "54% is a universal measurement error rate.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Study-to-study variability was too broad to define one typical overall concordance rate.", "funding_conflict_note": "Research Support, Non-U.S. Government; source disclosures are recorded in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-068", "topic": "Night sweats under-reported", "estimate": "46", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "Included studies in systematic review", "population": "Symptomatic perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in included studies", "geography": "Multiple study settings", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Self-reported hot flushes/night sweats compared with sternal skin conductance", "severity_threshold": "Symptomatic participants", "recall_window": "Concurrent measurement", "study_design": "Systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Search through December 2009", "publication_year": "2011", "evidence_class": "Measurement-concordance synthesis", "source_title": "Concordance between self-reported and sternal skin conductance measures of hot flushes in symptomatic perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review", "source_organization": "Menopause", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e318204a1fb", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e318204a1fb; PMID:21326119", "safe_wording": "The review reported 46% for this measurement comparison.", "not_safe_to_say": "46% is a universal measurement error rate.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Study-to-study variability was too broad to define one typical overall concordance rate.", "funding_conflict_note": "Research Support, Non-U.S. Government; source disclosures are recorded in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-069", "topic": "Night sweats over-reported", "estimate": "22", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "Included studies in systematic review", "population": "Symptomatic perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in included studies", "geography": "Multiple study settings", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Self-reported hot flushes/night sweats compared with sternal skin conductance", "severity_threshold": "Symptomatic participants", "recall_window": "Concurrent measurement", "study_design": "Systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis", "data_collection_period": "Search through December 2009", "publication_year": "2011", "evidence_class": "Measurement-concordance synthesis", "source_title": "Concordance between self-reported and sternal skin conductance measures of hot flushes in symptomatic perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review", "source_organization": "Menopause", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e318204a1fb", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e318204a1fb; PMID:21326119", "safe_wording": "The review reported 22% for this measurement comparison.", "not_safe_to_say": "22% is a universal measurement error rate.", "comparability_flag": "conditionally_comparable", "comparability_note": "Study-to-study variability was too broad to define one typical overall concordance rate.", "funding_conflict_note": "Research Support, Non-U.S. Government; source disclosures are recorded in the article.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-070", "topic": "VMS prevalence in Spanish menopause-app sample", "estimate": "77.4", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "11,378 included from 13,956 registrants", "population": "Perimenopausal and postmenopausal Spanish users registered with the Mi Menopausia app", "geography": "Spain", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Vasomotor symptoms", "severity_threshold": "Any VMS", "recall_window": "App questionnaire", "study_design": "Cross-sectional convenience sample", "data_collection_period": "June 2021 through November 2025", "publication_year": "2026", "evidence_class": "Selected-sample estimate", "source_title": "Prevalence of vasomotor symptoms and the associated risk factors: the Mi Menopausia app study", "source_organization": "Maturitas", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.108958", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.108958; PMID:42066667", "safe_wording": "77.4% of this menopause-app convenience sample reported VMS.", "not_safe_to_say": "77.4% is Spain’s national prevalence.", "comparability_flag": "selected_sample_only", "comparability_note": "Symptom-focused app users are vulnerable to strong selection bias.", "funding_conflict_note": "Cross-sectional convenience sample; the PubMed record includes a competing-interest declaration.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-071", "topic": "Moderate-to-severe VMS in Spanish menopause-app sample", "estimate": "63.9", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "11,378", "population": "Perimenopausal and postmenopausal Spanish users registered with the Mi Menopausia app", "geography": "Spain", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Vasomotor symptoms", "severity_threshold": "At least 7 hot flashes/day with sweating or intensity at least 3 of 5", "recall_window": "App questionnaire", "study_design": "Cross-sectional convenience sample", "data_collection_period": "June 2021 through November 2025", "publication_year": "2026", "evidence_class": "Selected-sample estimate", "source_title": "Prevalence of vasomotor symptoms and the associated risk factors: the Mi Menopausia app study", "source_organization": "Maturitas", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.108958", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.108958; PMID:42066667", "safe_wording": "63.9% of this app sample met the study’s moderate-to-severe VMS rule.", "not_safe_to_say": "63.9% of all peri- and postmenopausal women have severe symptoms.", "comparability_flag": "selected_sample_only", "comparability_note": "Symptom-focused app users are vulnerable to strong selection bias.", "funding_conflict_note": "Cross-sectional convenience sample; the PubMed record includes a competing-interest declaration.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-072", "topic": "VEOZAH pivotal-trial entry threshold", "estimate": "7", "unit": "moderate-to-severe VMS per day", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "1,022 randomized", "population": "Postmenopausal women enrolled in pivotal trials", "geography": "Multicenter trials", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms/hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Minimum average 7/day", "recall_window": "Daily Hot Flash Diary / 24-hour frequency", "study_design": "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal trials reported in FDA labels", "data_collection_period": "", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Regulatory trial-population benchmark", "source_title": "VEOZAH (fezolinetant) prescribing information, Reference ID 5497306", "source_organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2024/216578s004lbl.pdf", "doi_or_reference_id": "FDA Reference ID:5497306", "safe_wording": "VEOZAH pivotal trials enrolled women with a minimum average of 7 moderate-to-severe VMS per day.", "not_safe_to_say": "Seven per day defines severe symptoms for every study.", "comparability_flag": "not_directly_comparable", "comparability_note": "Cross-program baseline comparisons are descriptive and not comparative efficacy analyses.", "funding_conflict_note": "Regulatory prescribing information submitted by the manufacturer and approved by FDA.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-073", "topic": "VEOZAH program baseline frequency: Trial 1 VEOZAH", "estimate": "10.4", "unit": "mean episodes per 24 hours", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "Arm-specific label table", "population": "Postmenopausal women enrolled in pivotal trials", "geography": "Multicenter trials", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms/hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to severe", "recall_window": "Daily Hot Flash Diary / 24-hour frequency", "study_design": "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal trials reported in FDA labels", "data_collection_period": "", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Regulatory trial-population benchmark", "source_title": "VEOZAH (fezolinetant) prescribing information, Reference ID 5497306", "source_organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2024/216578s004lbl.pdf", "doi_or_reference_id": "FDA Reference ID:5497306", "safe_wording": "The printed baseline mean for Trial 1 VEOZAH was 10.4.", "not_safe_to_say": "This baseline is a treatment effect.", "comparability_flag": "not_directly_comparable", "comparability_note": "Cross-program baseline comparisons are descriptive and not comparative efficacy analyses.", "funding_conflict_note": "Regulatory prescribing information submitted by the manufacturer and approved by FDA.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-074", "topic": "VEOZAH program baseline frequency: Trial 1 placebo", "estimate": "10.5", "unit": "mean episodes per 24 hours", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "Arm-specific label table", "population": "Postmenopausal women enrolled in pivotal trials", "geography": "Multicenter trials", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms/hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to severe", "recall_window": "Daily Hot Flash Diary / 24-hour frequency", "study_design": "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal trials reported in FDA labels", "data_collection_period": "", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Regulatory trial-population benchmark", "source_title": "VEOZAH (fezolinetant) prescribing information, Reference ID 5497306", "source_organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2024/216578s004lbl.pdf", "doi_or_reference_id": "FDA Reference ID:5497306", "safe_wording": "The printed baseline mean for Trial 1 placebo was 10.5.", "not_safe_to_say": "This baseline is a treatment effect.", "comparability_flag": "not_directly_comparable", "comparability_note": "Cross-program baseline comparisons are descriptive and not comparative efficacy analyses.", "funding_conflict_note": "Regulatory prescribing information submitted by the manufacturer and approved by FDA.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-075", "topic": "VEOZAH program baseline frequency: Trial 2 VEOZAH", "estimate": "11.8", "unit": "mean episodes per 24 hours", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "Arm-specific label table", "population": "Postmenopausal women enrolled in pivotal trials", "geography": "Multicenter trials", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms/hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to severe", "recall_window": "Daily Hot Flash Diary / 24-hour frequency", "study_design": "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal trials reported in FDA labels", "data_collection_period": "", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Regulatory trial-population benchmark", "source_title": "VEOZAH (fezolinetant) prescribing information, Reference ID 5497306", "source_organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2024/216578s004lbl.pdf", "doi_or_reference_id": "FDA Reference ID:5497306", "safe_wording": "The printed baseline mean for Trial 2 VEOZAH was 11.8.", "not_safe_to_say": "This baseline is a treatment effect.", "comparability_flag": "not_directly_comparable", "comparability_note": "Cross-program baseline comparisons are descriptive and not comparative efficacy analyses.", "funding_conflict_note": "Regulatory prescribing information submitted by the manufacturer and approved by FDA.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-076", "topic": "VEOZAH program baseline frequency: Trial 2 placebo", "estimate": "11.6", "unit": "mean episodes per 24 hours", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "Arm-specific label table", "population": "Postmenopausal women enrolled in pivotal trials", "geography": "Multicenter trials", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms/hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to severe", "recall_window": "Daily Hot Flash Diary / 24-hour frequency", "study_design": "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal trials reported in FDA labels", "data_collection_period": "", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Regulatory trial-population benchmark", "source_title": "VEOZAH (fezolinetant) prescribing information, Reference ID 5497306", "source_organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2024/216578s004lbl.pdf", "doi_or_reference_id": "FDA Reference ID:5497306", "safe_wording": "The printed baseline mean for Trial 2 placebo was 11.6.", "not_safe_to_say": "This baseline is a treatment effect.", "comparability_flag": "not_directly_comparable", "comparability_note": "Cross-program baseline comparisons are descriptive and not comparative efficacy analyses.", "funding_conflict_note": "Regulatory prescribing information submitted by the manufacturer and approved by FDA.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-077", "topic": "VEOZAH label clinically meaningful reduction language", "estimate": "2", "unit": "fewer hot flashes per 24 hours", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "Pivotal trials", "population": "Postmenopausal women enrolled in pivotal trials", "geography": "Multicenter trials", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms/hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to severe", "recall_window": "Daily Hot Flash Diary / 24-hour frequency", "study_design": "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal trials reported in FDA labels", "data_collection_period": "", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Regulatory trial-population benchmark", "source_title": "VEOZAH (fezolinetant) prescribing information, Reference ID 5497306", "source_organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2024/216578s004lbl.pdf", "doi_or_reference_id": "FDA Reference ID:5497306", "safe_wording": "The label describes a reduction of at least 2 hot flashes over 24 hours as clinically meaningful in the pivotal program.", "not_safe_to_say": "Two fewer per day is the universal clinical threshold.", "comparability_flag": "not_directly_comparable", "comparability_note": "Cross-program baseline comparisons are descriptive and not comparative efficacy analyses.", "funding_conflict_note": "Regulatory prescribing information submitted by the manufacturer and approved by FDA.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-078", "topic": "LYNKUET pivotal-trial entry threshold", "estimate": "50", "unit": "moderate-to-severe hot flashes per week", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "796 randomized", "population": "Postmenopausal women enrolled in pivotal trials", "geography": "Multicenter trials", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms/hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "At least 50/week including nighttime", "recall_window": "Daily Hot Flash Diary / 24-hour frequency", "study_design": "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal trials reported in FDA labels", "data_collection_period": "", "publication_year": "2025", "evidence_class": "Regulatory trial-population benchmark", "source_title": "LYNKUET (elinzanetant) prescribing information, Reference ID 5683116", "source_organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/219469s000lbl.pdf", "doi_or_reference_id": "FDA Reference ID:5683116", "safe_wording": "OASIS 1 and 2 enrolled women with at least 50 moderate-to-severe hot flashes per week.", "not_safe_to_say": "This is identical to every moderate-to-severe VMS definition.", "comparability_flag": "not_directly_comparable", "comparability_note": "Cross-program baseline comparisons are descriptive and not comparative efficacy analyses.", "funding_conflict_note": "Regulatory prescribing information submitted by the manufacturer and approved by FDA.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-079", "topic": "LYNKUET program baseline frequency: OASIS 1 LYNKUET", "estimate": "13.38", "unit": "mean episodes per 24 hours", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "Arm-specific label table", "population": "Postmenopausal women enrolled in pivotal trials", "geography": "Multicenter trials", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms/hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to severe", "recall_window": "Daily Hot Flash Diary / 24-hour frequency", "study_design": "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal trials reported in FDA labels", "data_collection_period": "", "publication_year": "2025", "evidence_class": "Regulatory trial-population benchmark", "source_title": "LYNKUET (elinzanetant) prescribing information, Reference ID 5683116", "source_organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/219469s000lbl.pdf", "doi_or_reference_id": "FDA Reference ID:5683116", "safe_wording": "The printed baseline mean for OASIS 1 LYNKUET was 13.38.", "not_safe_to_say": "This baseline is a treatment effect.", "comparability_flag": "not_directly_comparable", "comparability_note": "Cross-program baseline comparisons are descriptive and not comparative efficacy analyses.", "funding_conflict_note": "Regulatory prescribing information submitted by the manufacturer and approved by FDA.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-080", "topic": "LYNKUET program baseline frequency: OASIS 1 placebo", "estimate": "14.26", "unit": "mean episodes per 24 hours", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "Arm-specific label table", "population": "Postmenopausal women enrolled in pivotal trials", "geography": "Multicenter trials", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms/hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to severe", "recall_window": "Daily Hot Flash Diary / 24-hour frequency", "study_design": "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal trials reported in FDA labels", "data_collection_period": "", "publication_year": "2025", "evidence_class": "Regulatory trial-population benchmark", "source_title": "LYNKUET (elinzanetant) prescribing information, Reference ID 5683116", "source_organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/219469s000lbl.pdf", "doi_or_reference_id": "FDA Reference ID:5683116", "safe_wording": "The printed baseline mean for OASIS 1 placebo was 14.26.", "not_safe_to_say": "This baseline is a treatment effect.", "comparability_flag": "not_directly_comparable", "comparability_note": "Cross-program baseline comparisons are descriptive and not comparative efficacy analyses.", "funding_conflict_note": "Regulatory prescribing information submitted by the manufacturer and approved by FDA.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-081", "topic": "LYNKUET program baseline frequency: OASIS 2 LYNKUET", "estimate": "14.66", "unit": "mean episodes per 24 hours", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "Arm-specific label table", "population": "Postmenopausal women enrolled in pivotal trials", "geography": "Multicenter trials", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms/hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to severe", "recall_window": "Daily Hot Flash Diary / 24-hour frequency", "study_design": "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal trials reported in FDA labels", "data_collection_period": "", "publication_year": "2025", "evidence_class": "Regulatory trial-population benchmark", "source_title": "LYNKUET (elinzanetant) prescribing information, Reference ID 5683116", "source_organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/219469s000lbl.pdf", "doi_or_reference_id": "FDA Reference ID:5683116", "safe_wording": "The printed baseline mean for OASIS 2 LYNKUET was 14.66.", "not_safe_to_say": "This baseline is a treatment effect.", "comparability_flag": "not_directly_comparable", "comparability_note": "Cross-program baseline comparisons are descriptive and not comparative efficacy analyses.", "funding_conflict_note": "Regulatory prescribing information submitted by the manufacturer and approved by FDA.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-082", "topic": "LYNKUET program baseline frequency: OASIS 2 placebo", "estimate": "16.16", "unit": "mean episodes per 24 hours", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "Arm-specific label table", "population": "Postmenopausal women enrolled in pivotal trials", "geography": "Multicenter trials", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms/hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to severe", "recall_window": "Daily Hot Flash Diary / 24-hour frequency", "study_design": "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal trials reported in FDA labels", "data_collection_period": "", "publication_year": "2025", "evidence_class": "Regulatory trial-population benchmark", "source_title": "LYNKUET (elinzanetant) prescribing information, Reference ID 5683116", "source_organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/219469s000lbl.pdf", "doi_or_reference_id": "FDA Reference ID:5683116", "safe_wording": "The printed baseline mean for OASIS 2 placebo was 16.16.", "not_safe_to_say": "This baseline is a treatment effect.", "comparability_flag": "not_directly_comparable", "comparability_note": "Cross-program baseline comparisons are descriptive and not comparative efficacy analyses.", "funding_conflict_note": "Regulatory prescribing information submitted by the manufacturer and approved by FDA.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-083", "topic": "LYNKUET label clinically meaningful reduction language", "estimate": "2", "unit": "fewer hot flashes per 24 hours", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "Pivotal trials", "population": "Postmenopausal women enrolled in pivotal trials", "geography": "Multicenter trials", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms/hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to severe", "recall_window": "Daily Hot Flash Diary / 24-hour frequency", "study_design": "Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal trials reported in FDA labels", "data_collection_period": "", "publication_year": "2025", "evidence_class": "Regulatory trial-population benchmark", "source_title": "LYNKUET (elinzanetant) prescribing information, Reference ID 5683116", "source_organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/219469s000lbl.pdf", "doi_or_reference_id": "FDA Reference ID:5683116", "safe_wording": "The label describes a reduction of at least 2 hot flashes over 24 hours as clinically meaningful in the pivotal program.", "not_safe_to_say": "Two fewer per day is the universal clinical threshold.", "comparability_flag": "not_directly_comparable", "comparability_note": "Cross-program baseline comparisons are descriptive and not comparative efficacy analyses.", "funding_conflict_note": "Regulatory prescribing information submitted by the manufacturer and approved by FDA.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-084", "topic": "BRISDELLE FDA indication", "estimate": "FDA-approved", "unit": "status", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "", "population": "People with moderate-to-severe menopausal VMS for whom the product is prescribed", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "Menopause", "symptom_definition": "Moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to severe", "recall_window": "", "study_design": "Current FDA prescribing information", "data_collection_period": "", "publication_year": "2025", "evidence_class": "Regulatory status", "source_title": "BRISDELLE (paroxetine) prescribing information, Reference ID 5528764", "source_organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "source_url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/204516s009s014lbl.pdf", "doi_or_reference_id": "FDA Reference ID:5528764", "safe_wording": "BRISDELLE is FDA-indicated for moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause.", "not_safe_to_say": "Only two nonhormonal drugs are FDA-approved for this indication.", "comparability_flag": "context_only", "comparability_note": "Regulatory-status row, not a prevalence statistic.", "funding_conflict_note": "Regulatory prescribing information submitted by the manufacturer and approved by FDA.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-085", "topic": "Bothersome hot flashes before ADT", "estimate": "2", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "122 men", "population": "Men with localized prostate cancer receiving short-course neoadjuvant ADT and SBRT", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "Baseline", "symptom_definition": "Bothersome hot flashes rated moderate to big problem", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to big problem", "recall_window": "Repeated EPIC-26 assessments", "study_design": "Retrospective review of prospectively collected data", "data_collection_period": "Patients treated 2007–2010", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Treatment-specific cohort estimate", "source_title": "Bothersome Hot Flashes Following Neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer", "source_organization": "Cureus", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.55729", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.7759/cureus.55729; PMID:38586683", "safe_wording": "The cohort reported 2% for this treatment-timeline measure.", "not_safe_to_say": "2% is a general male hot-flash prevalence rate.", "comparability_flag": "selected_sample_only", "comparability_note": "Cancer-treatment cohort; not comparable with natural-menopause prevalence.", "funding_conflict_note": "Retrospective review of prospectively collected data; source lists author financial relationships.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-086", "topic": "Bothersome hot flashes at start of SBRT", "estimate": "45", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "122 men", "population": "Men with localized prostate cancer receiving short-course neoadjuvant ADT and SBRT", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "Start of SBRT after neoadjuvant ADT", "symptom_definition": "Bothersome hot flashes rated moderate to big problem", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to big problem", "recall_window": "Repeated EPIC-26 assessments", "study_design": "Retrospective review of prospectively collected data", "data_collection_period": "Patients treated 2007–2010", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Treatment-specific cohort estimate", "source_title": "Bothersome Hot Flashes Following Neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer", "source_organization": "Cureus", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.55729", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.7759/cureus.55729; PMID:38586683", "safe_wording": "The cohort reported 45% for this treatment-timeline measure.", "not_safe_to_say": "45% is a general male hot-flash prevalence rate.", "comparability_flag": "selected_sample_only", "comparability_note": "Cancer-treatment cohort; not comparable with natural-menopause prevalence.", "funding_conflict_note": "Retrospective review of prospectively collected data; source lists author financial relationships.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-087", "topic": "Bothersome hot flashes nine months after SBRT", "estimate": "2", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "122 men", "population": "Men with localized prostate cancer receiving short-course neoadjuvant ADT and SBRT", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "Nine months after SBRT", "symptom_definition": "Bothersome hot flashes rated moderate to big problem", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to big problem", "recall_window": "Repeated EPIC-26 assessments", "study_design": "Retrospective review of prospectively collected data", "data_collection_period": "Patients treated 2007–2010", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Treatment-specific cohort estimate", "source_title": "Bothersome Hot Flashes Following Neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer", "source_organization": "Cureus", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.55729", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.7759/cureus.55729; PMID:38586683", "safe_wording": "The cohort reported 2% for this treatment-timeline measure.", "not_safe_to_say": "2% is a general male hot-flash prevalence rate.", "comparability_flag": "selected_sample_only", "comparability_note": "Cancer-treatment cohort; not comparable with natural-menopause prevalence.", "funding_conflict_note": "Retrospective review of prospectively collected data; source lists author financial relationships.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-088", "topic": "Cumulative incidence of bothersome hot flashes", "estimate": "52.4", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "122 men", "population": "Men with localized prostate cancer receiving short-course neoadjuvant ADT and SBRT", "geography": "United States", "menopause_stage": "Across observed treatment timeline", "symptom_definition": "Bothersome hot flashes rated moderate to big problem", "severity_threshold": "Moderate to big problem", "recall_window": "Repeated EPIC-26 assessments", "study_design": "Retrospective review of prospectively collected data", "data_collection_period": "Patients treated 2007–2010", "publication_year": "2024", "evidence_class": "Treatment-specific cohort estimate", "source_title": "Bothersome Hot Flashes Following Neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer", "source_organization": "Cureus", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.55729", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.7759/cureus.55729; PMID:38586683", "safe_wording": "The cohort reported 52.4% for this treatment-timeline measure.", "not_safe_to_say": "52.4% is a general male hot-flash prevalence rate.", "comparability_flag": "selected_sample_only", "comparability_note": "Cancer-treatment cohort; not comparable with natural-menopause prevalence.", "funding_conflict_note": "Retrospective review of prospectively collected data; source lists author financial relationships.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-089", "topic": "No VMS toxicity in ADT cohort", "estimate": "20.0", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "250 men", "population": "Men with prostate cancer actively receiving ADT", "geography": "United Kingdom", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Vasomotor-symptom toxicity including sweats and hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "None", "recall_window": "Physician-directed questionnaire at assessment", "study_design": "Prospective single-institution study", "data_collection_period": "January 2010 through August 2013", "publication_year": "2018", "evidence_class": "Treatment-specific severity distribution", "source_title": "Evaluating the prevalence and predictive factors of vasomotor and psychological symptoms in prostate cancer patients receiving hormonal therapy", "source_organization": "Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctro.2018.03.002", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1016/j.ctro.2018.03.002; PMID:29928703", "safe_wording": "20.0% of this ADT cohort was classified in the none category.", "not_safe_to_say": "20.0% is a natural-menopause hot-flash rate.", "comparability_flag": "selected_sample_only", "comparability_note": "Severity categories describe the study’s ADT population and combined VMS toxicity.", "funding_conflict_note": "Prospective single-institution study; open-access article reports its disclosures.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-090", "topic": "Mild-to-moderate VMS toxicity in ADT cohort", "estimate": "68.4", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "250 men", "population": "Men with prostate cancer actively receiving ADT", "geography": "United Kingdom", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Vasomotor-symptom toxicity including sweats and hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Mild to moderate", "recall_window": "Physician-directed questionnaire at assessment", "study_design": "Prospective single-institution study", "data_collection_period": "January 2010 through August 2013", "publication_year": "2018", "evidence_class": "Treatment-specific severity distribution", "source_title": "Evaluating the prevalence and predictive factors of vasomotor and psychological symptoms in prostate cancer patients receiving hormonal therapy", "source_organization": "Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctro.2018.03.002", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1016/j.ctro.2018.03.002; PMID:29928703", "safe_wording": "68.4% of this ADT cohort was classified in the mild to moderate category.", "not_safe_to_say": "68.4% is a natural-menopause hot-flash rate.", "comparability_flag": "selected_sample_only", "comparability_note": "Severity categories describe the study’s ADT population and combined VMS toxicity.", "funding_conflict_note": "Prospective single-institution study; open-access article reports its disclosures.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-091", "topic": "Severe VMS toxicity in ADT cohort", "estimate": "11.6", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "250 men", "population": "Men with prostate cancer actively receiving ADT", "geography": "United Kingdom", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Vasomotor-symptom toxicity including sweats and hot flashes", "severity_threshold": "Severe", "recall_window": "Physician-directed questionnaire at assessment", "study_design": "Prospective single-institution study", "data_collection_period": "January 2010 through August 2013", "publication_year": "2018", "evidence_class": "Treatment-specific severity distribution", "source_title": "Evaluating the prevalence and predictive factors of vasomotor and psychological symptoms in prostate cancer patients receiving hormonal therapy", "source_organization": "Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctro.2018.03.002", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.1016/j.ctro.2018.03.002; PMID:29928703", "safe_wording": "11.6% of this ADT cohort was classified in the severe category.", "not_safe_to_say": "11.6% is a natural-menopause hot-flash rate.", "comparability_flag": "selected_sample_only", "comparability_note": "Severity categories describe the study’s ADT population and combined VMS toxicity.", "funding_conflict_note": "Prospective single-institution study; open-access article reports its disclosures.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-092", "topic": "Observational-study VMS prevalence range in breast-cancer treatment review", "estimate": "32.5–82.9", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "37-study review; observational subset", "population": "Individuals with breast cancer receiving tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors in included studies", "geography": "Multiple countries", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Treatment-induced vasomotor symptoms", "severity_threshold": "Varied", "recall_window": "Varied across studies", "study_design": "Systematic literature review", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2010 through January 2023", "publication_year": "2025", "evidence_class": "Treatment-specific literature synthesis", "source_title": "The Burden of Illness of Treatment-Induced Vasomotor Symptoms in Individuals with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review", "source_organization": "Journal of Clinical Medicine", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14082601", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.3390/jcm14082601; PMID:40283431", "safe_wording": "Observational studies in the review reported prevalence from 32.5% to 82.9%.", "not_safe_to_say": "This range is one pooled prevalence estimate.", "comparability_flag": "selected_sample_only", "comparability_note": "Ranges combine different treatments, instruments, populations and study designs.", "funding_conflict_note": "Authors included Astellas Pharma employees and a contract research organization; commercial affiliations disclosed.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-093", "topic": "Interventional-study VMS incidence range in breast-cancer treatment review", "estimate": "2–60", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "37-study review; interventional subset", "population": "Individuals with breast cancer receiving tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors in included studies", "geography": "Multiple countries", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Treatment-induced vasomotor symptoms", "severity_threshold": "Varied", "recall_window": "Varied across studies", "study_design": "Systematic literature review", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2010 through January 2023", "publication_year": "2025", "evidence_class": "Treatment-specific literature synthesis", "source_title": "The Burden of Illness of Treatment-Induced Vasomotor Symptoms in Individuals with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review", "source_organization": "Journal of Clinical Medicine", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14082601", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.3390/jcm14082601; PMID:40283431", "safe_wording": "Interventional studies in the review reported incidence from 2% to 60%.", "not_safe_to_say": "This is one treatment effect estimate.", "comparability_flag": "selected_sample_only", "comparability_note": "Ranges combine different treatments, instruments, populations and study designs.", "funding_conflict_note": "Authors included Astellas Pharma employees and a contract research organization; commercial affiliations disclosed.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-094", "topic": "Daily VMS episode range in breast-cancer treatment review", "estimate": "2–20", "unit": "episodes per day", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "Four included studies", "population": "Individuals with breast cancer receiving tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors in included studies", "geography": "Multiple countries", "menopause_stage": "", "symptom_definition": "Treatment-induced vasomotor symptoms", "severity_threshold": "Varied", "recall_window": "Varied across studies", "study_design": "Systematic literature review", "data_collection_period": "Studies published January 2010 through January 2023", "publication_year": "2025", "evidence_class": "Treatment-specific literature synthesis", "source_title": "The Burden of Illness of Treatment-Induced Vasomotor Symptoms in Individuals with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review", "source_organization": "Journal of Clinical Medicine", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14082601", "doi_or_reference_id": "doi:10.3390/jcm14082601; PMID:40283431", "safe_wording": "Four studies reported 2 to 20 episodes per day.", "not_safe_to_say": "Every patient has 2 to 20 episodes daily.", "comparability_flag": "selected_sample_only", "comparability_note": "Ranges combine different treatments, instruments, populations and study designs.", "funding_conflict_note": "Authors included Astellas Pharma employees and a contract research organization; commercial affiliations disclosed.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-095", "topic": "Clinical upper-bound summary of hot flashes and night sweats", "estimate": "Up to 80", "unit": "percent", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "", "population": "Women going through menopause", "geography": "General clinical reference", "menopause_stage": "Menopause transition", "symptom_definition": "Hot flashes and night sweats", "severity_threshold": "Any", "recall_window": "Across menopause", "study_design": "Professional-society patient education", "data_collection_period": "", "publication_year": "", "evidence_class": "Clinical context", "source_title": "Hot Flashes", "source_organization": "The Menopause Society", "source_url": "https://menopause.org/patient-education/menopause-topics/hot-flashes", "doi_or_reference_id": "", "safe_wording": "The Menopause Society says up to 80% experience hot flashes and night sweats during menopause.", "not_safe_to_say": "Exactly 80% of all women currently have hot flashes.", "comparability_flag": "context_only", "comparability_note": "Upper-bound clinical summary, not a newly pooled central estimate.", "funding_conflict_note": "Professional-society patient education reference.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "record_id": "HF-096", "topic": "Typical duration of one hot-flash episode", "estimate": "1–5", "unit": "minutes", "lower_ci": "", "upper_ci": "", "numerator": "", "denominator": "", "sample_size": "", "population": "People experiencing menopause-related hot flashes", "geography": "General clinical reference", "menopause_stage": "Menopause transition", "symptom_definition": "Single hot-flash episode", "severity_threshold": "Typical", "recall_window": "Per episode", "study_design": "Professional-society patient education", "data_collection_period": "", "publication_year": "", "evidence_class": "Clinical context", "source_title": "Hot Flashes", "source_organization": "The Menopause Society", "source_url": "https://menopause.org/patient-education/menopause-topics/hot-flashes", "doi_or_reference_id": "", "safe_wording": "The Menopause Society says a typical episode lasts one to five minutes.", "not_safe_to_say": "Every episode lasts exactly one to five minutes.", "comparability_flag": "context_only", "comparability_note": "Per-episode length, not years of recurring symptoms.", "funding_conflict_note": "Professional-society patient education reference.", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" } ], "derived_calculations": [ { "calculation_id": "CALC-001", "calculation_name": "Review-wide minus hot-flash-specific participant denominator", "source_record_ids": "HF-002;HF-001", "raw_inputs": "482067;349608", "formula": "482067 - 349608", "unrounded_result": "132459", "displayed_result": "132,459", "unit": "participants", "interpretation": "The all-symptom review denominator exceeds the hot-flash-specific denominator by 132,459 participants.", "limitation": "The two denominators describe different analytic scopes.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-002", "calculation_name": "Postmenopause minus premenopause pooled prevalence", "source_record_ids": "HF-005;HF-003", "raw_inputs": "56.74;31.31", "formula": "56.74 - 31.31", "unrounded_result": "25.430000000000003", "displayed_result": "25.43", "unit": "percentage points", "interpretation": "The postmenopausal pooled estimate was 25.43 points above the premenopausal estimate.", "limitation": "Study-level pooled subgroups; not a within-person change.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-003", "calculation_name": "Postmenopause-to-premenopause pooled ratio", "source_record_ids": "HF-005;HF-003", "raw_inputs": "56.74;31.31", "formula": "56.74 / 31.31", "unrounded_result": "1.8122005748961993", "displayed_result": "1.81", "unit": "ratio", "interpretation": "The postmenopausal pooled estimate was 1.81 times the premenopausal estimate.", "limitation": "Study-level pooled subgroups with extreme heterogeneity.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-004", "calculation_name": "Perimenopause minus premenopause pooled prevalence", "source_record_ids": "HF-004;HF-003", "raw_inputs": "56.52;31.31", "formula": "56.52 - 31.31", "unrounded_result": "25.210000000000004", "displayed_result": "25.21", "unit": "percentage points", "interpretation": "The perimenopausal pooled estimate was 25.21 points above the premenopausal estimate.", "limitation": "Study-level pooled subgroups; not a within-person change.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-005", "calculation_name": "Measurement-tool pooled span", "source_record_ids": "HF-016;HF-017", "raw_inputs": "69.95;39.26", "formula": "69.95 - 39.26", "unrounded_result": "30.690000000000005", "displayed_result": "30.69", "unit": "percentage points", "interpretation": "Observed span between the two tool-specific pooled estimates shown.", "limitation": "Descriptive study-level subgroup comparison; no causal inference.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-006", "calculation_name": "Continent pooled span", "source_record_ids": "HF-006;HF-007", "raw_inputs": "64.43;39.92", "formula": "64.43 - 39.92", "unrounded_result": "24.510000000000005", "displayed_result": "24.51", "unit": "percentage points", "interpretation": "Observed span between Africa and Oceania pooled estimates.", "limitation": "Ecological subgroup comparison; no causal inference.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-007", "calculation_name": "Income-group pooled span", "source_record_ids": "HF-010;HF-013", "raw_inputs": "65.93;49.72", "formula": "65.93 - 49.72", "unrounded_result": "16.210000000000008", "displayed_result": "16.21", "unit": "percentage points", "interpretation": "Observed span between low- and high-income country-group pooled estimates.", "limitation": "Country-level grouping, not an individual-level effect.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-008", "calculation_name": "Country pooled span", "source_record_ids": "HF-008;HF-009", "raw_inputs": "72.56;14.54", "formula": "72.56 - 14.54", "unrounded_result": "58.02", "displayed_result": "58.02", "unit": "percentage points", "interpretation": "Observed span between Egypt and Finland among countries with at least three studies.", "limitation": "Ecological comparison; estimates have wide confidence intervals.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-009", "calculation_name": "AMY late-perimenopause minus premenopause difference", "source_record_ids": "HF-019;HF-018", "raw_inputs": "37.3;8.8", "formula": "37.3 - 8.8", "unrounded_result": "28.499999999999996", "displayed_result": "28.5", "unit": "percentage points", "interpretation": "Cross-sectional difference in moderately-to-severely bothersome four-week hot-flush prevalence.", "limitation": "Not a within-person increase and not any-severity prevalence.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-010", "calculation_name": "Current sufferers with hot flashes at least five days per week", "source_record_ids": "HF-031;HF-032", "raw_inputs": "8.9;23.7", "formula": "8.9 + 23.7", "unrounded_result": "32.6", "displayed_result": "32.6", "unit": "percent", "interpretation": "Share of current sufferers reporting five to six days per week or every day.", "limitation": "Category sum within a current-sufferer denominator.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-011", "calculation_name": "Current sufferers with at least three hot flashes on a symptomatic day", "source_record_ids": "HF-034;HF-035;HF-036", "raw_inputs": "23.5;7.9;6.1", "formula": "23.5 + 7.9 + 6.1", "unrounded_result": "37.5", "displayed_result": "37.5", "unit": "percent", "interpretation": "Share of current sufferers reporting at least three on symptomatic days.", "limitation": "Category sum within a current-sufferer denominator.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-012", "calculation_name": "Current sufferers with at least five hot flashes on a symptomatic day", "source_record_ids": "HF-035;HF-036", "raw_inputs": "7.9;6.1", "formula": "7.9 + 6.1", "unrounded_result": "14.0", "displayed_result": "14.0", "unit": "percent", "interpretation": "Share of current sufferers reporting at least five on symptomatic days.", "limitation": "Category sum within a current-sufferer denominator.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-013", "calculation_name": "Typical episodes lasting one to five minutes", "source_record_ids": "HF-038;HF-039", "raw_inputs": "43.4;25.3", "formula": "43.4 + 25.3", "unrounded_result": "68.7", "displayed_result": "68.7", "unit": "percent", "interpretation": "Share of current sufferers selecting one-to-two or three-to-five minutes.", "limitation": "Respondent-level typical-duration categories, not a count of all events.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-014", "calculation_name": "Mean daytime episode sum among daily sufferers", "source_record_ids": "HF-041;HF-042;HF-043;HF-044", "raw_inputs": "2.5;2.6;2.5;1.4", "formula": "2.5 + 2.6 + 2.5 + 1.4", "unrounded_result": "9.0", "displayed_result": "9.0", "unit": "episodes per typical day", "interpretation": "Sum of severity-specific published means among 405 daily daytime sufferers.", "limitation": "Not a population mean; summing rounded means may differ from a patient-level total.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-015", "calculation_name": "Minimum early-onset versus postmenopausal-onset SWAN median difference", "source_record_ids": "HF-047;HF-049", "raw_inputs": ">11.8;3.4", "formula": ">11.8 - 3.4", "unrounded_result": ">8.4", "displayed_result": ">8.4", "unit": "years", "interpretation": "The early-onset median lower bound exceeds the postmenopausal-onset median by more than 8.4 years.", "limitation": "Early-onset value is a lower bound; subgroup medians in a symptomatic cohort.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-016", "calculation_name": "Minimum early-onset versus postmenopausal-onset SWAN ratio", "source_record_ids": "HF-047;HF-049", "raw_inputs": ">11.8;3.4", "formula": ">11.8 / 3.4", "unrounded_result": ">3.470588", "displayed_result": ">3.47", "unit": "ratio", "interpretation": "The early-onset median lower bound is more than 3.47 times the postmenopausal-onset median.", "limitation": "Early-onset value is a lower bound; not an individual prediction.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-017", "calculation_name": "Non-low SWAN trajectory classes", "source_record_ids": "HF-062;HF-063;HF-064", "raw_inputs": "18.4;29.0;25.6", "formula": "18.4 + 29.0 + 25.6", "unrounded_result": "73.0", "displayed_result": "73.0", "unit": "percent of analytic sample", "interpretation": "The three model classes other than persistently low sum to 73.0%.", "limitation": "Model-class arithmetic, not direct population prevalence.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-018", "calculation_name": "FDA entry-threshold difference", "source_record_ids": "HF-072;HF-078", "raw_inputs": "49 per week;50 per week", "formula": "(50 - 49) / 49 * 100", "unrounded_result": "2.0408163265306123", "displayed_result": "2.04", "unit": "percent", "interpretation": "The VEOZAH-equivalent weekly floor of 49 and LYNKUET floor of 50 differ by 2.04%.", "limitation": "One threshold is stated per day and converted to a weekly equivalent for arithmetic.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-019", "calculation_name": "Unweighted mean of printed VEOZAH baseline arm means", "source_record_ids": "HF-073;HF-074;HF-075;HF-076", "raw_inputs": "10.4;10.5;11.8;11.6", "formula": "(10.4 + 10.5 + 11.8 + 11.6) / 4", "unrounded_result": "11.075000000000001", "displayed_result": "11.08", "unit": "episodes per 24 hours", "interpretation": "Descriptive unweighted mean of four printed arm baselines.", "limitation": "Not patient-weighted, adjusted, or an efficacy estimate.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-020", "calculation_name": "Unweighted mean of printed LYNKUET baseline arm means", "source_record_ids": "HF-079;HF-080;HF-081;HF-082", "raw_inputs": "13.38;14.26;14.66;16.16", "formula": "(13.38 + 14.26 + 14.66 + 16.16) / 4", "unrounded_result": "14.614999999999998", "displayed_result": "14.62", "unit": "episodes per 24 hours", "interpretation": "Descriptive unweighted mean of four printed arm baselines.", "limitation": "Not patient-weighted, adjusted, or an efficacy estimate.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" }, { "calculation_id": "CALC-021", "calculation_name": "Descriptive difference between program baseline means", "source_record_ids": "CALC-019;CALC-020", "raw_inputs": "11.075000000000001;14.614999999999998", "formula": "(14.614999999999998 - 11.075000000000001) / 11.075000000000001 * 100", "unrounded_result": "31.96388261851013", "displayed_result": "32.0", "unit": "percent higher", "interpretation": "The unweighted LYNKUET program baseline average is about 32.0% above the VEOZAH average.", "limitation": "Cross-program descriptive comparison only; not comparative effectiveness.", "calculated_by": "The HRT Index", "calculation_date": "2026-08-01", "dataset_version": "1.0", "publish_status": "Publish" } ] }