{ "title": "U.S. Menopause Diagnosis Statistics Evidence Map", "version": "1.1", "published_date": "2026-07-31", "last_verified": "2026-08-01", "canonical_page": "https://thehrtindex.com/research/menopause-diagnosis-statistics/", "description": "A denominator-aware map of 11 menopause diagnosis, documentation, classification, uncertainty, treatment, and post-diagnosis metrics from 10 U.S. source families.", "comparability_rule": "Source-specific figures retain their native population, denominator, time window, code set, and metric class. They must not be pooled, averaged, or treated as interchangeable.", "methodology": "Structured evidence synthesis of official sources, peer-reviewed research, original data-producer analyses, and one clearly labeled preprint. Derived figures are calculated only from published aggregate inputs and are labeled separately.", "field_order": [ "metric_id", "source_family", "source_type", "publication_date", "data_period", "geography", "population", "age_band", "insurance_or_setting", "denominator_n", "numerator_n", "metric_class", "numerator_definition", "denominator_definition", "time_window", "code_set_or_measure", "published_value", "published_unit", "derived_value", "derivation", "safe_interpretation", "does_not_support", "peer_review_status", "method_transparency", "principal_limitations", "source_url", "retrieval_date", "publish_status" ], "records": [ { "metric_id": "pcornet_2026_five_year_ehr_documented_prevalence", "source_family": "PCORnet / PCORI", "source_type": "Original distributed-EHR network report", "publication_date": "2026-07-10", "data_period": "2020-01-01 to 2024-12-31", "geography": "United States; 75 participating PCORnet partners", "population": "Female patients in the 2024 PCORnet query population with at least one face-to-face encounter and a recorded diagnosis code at a participating site", "age_band": "All ages in source table", "insurance_or_setting": "Mixed U.S. health-system EHR data", "denominator_n": "28208203", "numerator_n": "2710209", "metric_class": "Five-year EHR documented-code prevalence among 2024 active patients", "numerator_definition": "Female patients with any menopause-related diagnosis code recorded during 2020–2024", "denominator_definition": "Female patients meeting PCORnet’s 2024 active-patient criteria: at least one face-to-face encounter and a recorded diagnosis code at a participating site", "time_window": "Five-year diagnosis lookback; one-year active-patient denominator", "code_set_or_measure": "Comprehensive menopause-related diagnosis-code list developed for the query; the public report lists the five N95 child codes and says additional query specifications are available on request", "published_value": "9.6", "published_unit": "percent", "derived_value": "9.6079% from published counts", "derivation": "2,710,209 / 28,208,203 × 100", "safe_interpretation": "9.6% of the defined PCORnet female patient cohort had a menopause-related code recorded during the five-year EHR lookback.", "does_not_support": "A nationally representative biological prevalence rate, age at menopause, age at first diagnosis, or the share of all U.S. women clinically diagnosed.", "peer_review_status": "Not peer reviewed; original PCORnet population-insights report", "method_transparency": "High for cohort dates and aggregate tables; full code specifications available on request", "principal_limitations": "Descriptive participating-health-system EHR data; possible misclassification; no consistent enrollment definition; missingness; overlapping condition categories; full query specification not public; no inferential analysis.", "source_url": "https://pcornet.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/PCORnet-Population-Insights-Report_Menopause_2026-07-101.pdf", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-01", "publish_status": "Publishable with qualifiers" }, { "metric_id": "hcci_2022_unique_women_with_any_menopause_diagnosis", "source_family": "Health Care Cost Institute", "source_type": "Original employer-sponsored-insurance data brief", "publication_date": "2024-10-18", "data_period": "2018–2022", "geography": "United States", "population": "Women in HCCI employer-sponsored insurance data", "age_band": "Narrative: 45–64; public methods contain a conflicting 44–65 definition for eligible women", "insurance_or_setting": "Employer-sponsored insurance claims", "denominator_n": "", "numerator_n": "", "metric_class": "Annual unique-woman diagnosis percentage", "numerator_definition": "Women with any menopause diagnosis in the year, as described in the narrative", "denominator_definition": "Eligible women in HCCI employer-sponsored insurance data", "time_window": "Annual", "code_set_or_measure": "N95.0, N95.2, N95.1, N95.8, N95.9, Z78.0, E28.310, E28.319", "published_value": "13.7% in 2018; 14.7% in 2022", "published_unit": "percent", "derived_value": "Increase of 1.0 percentage point; 7.30% relative", "derivation": "14.7 − 13.7; (14.7 / 13.7 − 1) × 100", "safe_interpretation": "Within HCCI employer-sponsored insurance data, the share of women with any recorded menopause diagnosis rose from 13.7% to 14.7%.", "does_not_support": "A rate for uninsured women, Medicaid populations, all U.S. women, or a biological prevalence estimate.", "peer_review_status": "Not peer reviewed; original nonprofit data brief", "method_transparency": "Moderate; public brief and methods are available, with an unresolved age-band inconsistency", "principal_limitations": "Employer-sponsored-insurance population; source contains an age-band discrepancy between narrative and methods; diagnosis coding misses symptoms recorded under other conditions.", "source_url": "https://healthcostinstitute.org/all-hcci-reports/hcci-data-brief/", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-01", "publish_status": "Publishable; preserve age-band discrepancy in source note" }, { "metric_id": "hcci_2022_average_monthly_diagnosis_encounter_rate", "source_family": "Health Care Cost Institute", "source_type": "Original employer-sponsored-insurance data brief", "publication_date": "2024-10-18", "data_period": "2018–2022", "geography": "United States", "population": "Eligible women in HCCI employer-sponsored insurance data", "age_band": "Methods: 44–65; narrative figures label 45–64", "insurance_or_setting": "Employer-sponsored insurance claims", "denominator_n": "", "numerator_n": "", "metric_class": "Average monthly diagnosis-bearing encounter service-date rate", "numerator_definition": "Unique patient encounter service dates with the specified diagnosis category", "denominator_definition": "Eligible women in the database at that time", "time_window": "Annual figure displayed as average monthly encounters", "code_set_or_measure": "N95.0, N95.2, N95.1, N95.8, N95.9, Z78.0, E28.310, E28.319", "published_value": "1,793 per 100,000 in 2018; 1,969 per 100,000 in 2022", "published_unit": "unique patient encounter service dates per 100,000 eligible women per average month", "derived_value": "9.82% relative increase", "derivation": "(1,969 / 1,793 − 1) × 100", "safe_interpretation": "The average monthly rate of unique patient encounter service dates carrying a menopause diagnosis increased within HCCI data.", "does_not_support": "The percentage of unique women diagnosed; one person may contribute more than one service date over time.", "peer_review_status": "Not peer reviewed; original nonprofit data brief", "method_transparency": "Moderate to high for the encounter-rate definition", "principal_limitations": "Employer-sponsored insurance only; encounter rate is not unique-patient prevalence; age-band inconsistency in public text.", "source_url": "https://healthcostinstitute.org/all-hcci-reports/hcci-data-brief/", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-01", "publish_status": "Publishable only as encounter rate" }, { "metric_id": "komodo_2019_2023_age_45_51_documented_rate", "source_family": "Komodo Health", "source_type": "Original healthcare-data-producer analysis", "publication_date": "2025-03-06", "data_period": "2019–2023", "geography": "United States", "population": "Nearly 29 million women", "age_band": "45–51", "insurance_or_setting": "Claims-derived healthcare analytics; payer mix includes commercial and Medicaid", "denominator_n": "Nearly 29,000,000", "numerator_n": "Approximately 2,000,000 as described by the source", "metric_class": "Multi-year documented diagnosis percentage", "numerator_definition": "Women with N95.1 or N95.9 documented during the analysis period", "denominator_definition": "Women ages 45–51 in the analyzed cohort", "time_window": "2019–2023", "code_set_or_measure": "N95.1 and N95.9; conditions causing early menopause excluded", "published_value": "7%", "published_unit": "percent", "derived_value": "", "derivation": "Source-reported", "safe_interpretation": "Seven percent of the defined Komodo cohort ages 45–51 had one of two broad menopause/perimenopause diagnosis codes documented.", "does_not_support": "A perimenopause-only national rate or a rate using all menopause-related codes.", "peer_review_status": "Not peer reviewed; original commercial data-producer analysis", "method_transparency": "Moderate", "principal_limitations": "Only N95.1 and N95.9; company analysis rather than a peer-reviewed methods paper; no public row-level dataset; cohort representativeness and overlap with broader menopause code sets are not established.", "source_url": "https://www.komodohealth.com/perspectives/lost-in-transition-despite-growing-awareness-perimenopause-remains-vastly-underrecognized-and-undertreated/", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-01", "publish_status": "Publishable with source-type and code-set qualifiers" }, { "metric_id": "evernorth_40_64_confirmed_diagnosis_rate", "source_family": "Evernorth Research Institute", "source_type": "Original commercial-insurance analysis", "publication_date": "2025-02-07", "data_period": "Not stated in public article", "geography": "United States", "population": "1.5 million commercially insured women", "age_band": "40–64", "insurance_or_setting": "Commercial insurance", "denominator_n": "1500000", "numerator_n": "", "metric_class": "Confirmed-diagnosis percentage", "numerator_definition": "Women described by Evernorth as having a confirmed perimenopause or menopause diagnosis", "denominator_definition": "Analyzed commercially insured women ages 40–64", "time_window": "Not stated in public article", "code_set_or_measure": "Not stated in public article", "published_value": "8%", "published_unit": "percent", "derived_value": "", "derivation": "Source-reported", "safe_interpretation": "Eight percent of Evernorth’s 1.5-million-person commercially insured cohort was described as having a confirmed perimenopause or menopause diagnosis.", "does_not_support": "A national rate across all payers or an independently reproducible code-based estimate.", "peer_review_status": "Not peer reviewed; original commercial research article", "method_transparency": "Low to moderate in public article", "principal_limitations": "Public article does not state data years or code set; commercially insured population; no downloadable methods or dataset.", "source_url": "https://www.evernorth.com/articles/research-finds-few-women-receive-diagnoses-perimenopause-or-menopause", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-01", "publish_status": "Publishable as contextual original-producer result; preserve missing public years and code set" }, { "metric_id": "nchs_nhis_2015_perimenopausal_survey_classification", "source_family": "NCHS / National Health Interview Survey", "source_type": "Federal nationally representative survey data brief", "publication_date": "2017-09", "data_period": "2015", "geography": "United States", "population": "Nonpregnant U.S. women ages 40–59 in the civilian noninstitutionalized population", "age_band": "40–59", "insurance_or_setting": "National Health Interview Survey", "denominator_n": "", "numerator_n": "", "metric_class": "Survey-classified menopausal status", "numerator_definition": "Respondents classified perimenopausal because menstruation had stopped and the last cycle was no more than one year earlier", "denominator_definition": "Nonpregnant women ages 40–59 in the 2015 NHIS analytic sample", "time_window": "2015 cross-sectional survey", "code_set_or_measure": "Four menstrual-history questions; still-menstruating respondents classified premenopausal", "published_value": "74.2% premenopausal; 3.7% perimenopausal; 22.1% postmenopausal", "published_unit": "percent", "derived_value": "", "derivation": "Source-reported", "safe_interpretation": "Under NHIS’s operational survey rule, 3.7% of nonpregnant U.S. women ages 40–59 were classified perimenopausal in 2015.", "does_not_support": "A clinical diagnosis rate, the share meeting STRAW+10 transition criteria, or a current 2026 estimate.", "peer_review_status": "Official NCHS data brief using nationally representative federal survey data", "method_transparency": "High", "principal_limitations": "The operational definition classifies still-menstruating respondents as premenopausal; data are from 2015; survey classification is not clinical diagnosis.", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db286.htm", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-01", "publish_status": "Publishable only as the NHIS survey classification" }, { "metric_id": "bevry_2024_vasomotor_symptom_ehr_documentation", "source_family": "Bevry et al. / Menopause", "source_type": "Peer-reviewed retrospective EHR documentation study", "publication_date": "2024-10-01", "data_period": "Survey March 1–June 30, 2021; EHR review May 1, 2019–May 1, 2021", "geography": "Mayo Clinic Health System—Northwest Wisconsin Region, United States", "population": "229 adult women reporting moderate-or-higher vasomotor symptoms who had primary-care visits during the survey period", "age_band": "Adult women; age range not stated in the public abstract", "insurance_or_setting": "Selected regional primary-care sample", "denominator_n": "229", "numerator_n": "Not published as exact counts in the public abstract", "metric_class": "EHR vasomotor-symptom documentation percentage by record location", "numerator_definition": "Participants with vasomotor symptoms listed in the EHR clinical problem list; separately, participants with symptoms documented in primary-care clinic notes", "denominator_definition": "Selected women self-reporting moderate-or-higher vasomotor symptoms", "time_window": "Survey March 1–June 30, 2021; documentation reviewed May 1, 2019–May 1, 2021", "code_set_or_measure": "Clinical problem-list documentation and narrative primary-care clinic-note documentation; not a formal diagnosis-code measure", "published_value": "22.7% in the clinical problem list; 60% in clinic notes", "published_unit": "percent", "derived_value": "", "derivation": "Source-reported", "safe_interpretation": "In this selected symptomatic regional sample, 22.7% had vasomotor symptoms in the structured clinical problem list and 60% had them documented in primary-care clinic notes.", "does_not_support": "A population menopause diagnosis rate, a national symptom-documentation rate, proof that 77.3% had no EHR documentation, or a national underdiagnosis percentage.", "peer_review_status": "Peer-reviewed article in Menopause", "method_transparency": "High for the published regional sample and two documentation locations", "principal_limitations": "Small selected sample from one health-system region; problem-list and clinic-note documentation differ; symptom documentation is not a formal diagnosis; not nationally representative.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000002439", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-01", "publish_status": "Publishable only with the record-location distinction and selected-sample qualifier" }, { "metric_id": "all_of_us_2026_survey_to_ehr_capture_ratio", "source_family": "All of Us Research Program preprint", "source_type": "Preprint using survey and structured EHR data", "publication_date": "2026-04-25", "data_period": "Study-specific; see preprint methods", "geography": "United States", "population": "Approximately 396,000 female All of Us participants", "age_band": "Not summarized in abstract snippet", "insurance_or_setting": "Research cohort combining surveys and EHR", "denominator_n": "396000", "numerator_n": "Approximately 193,000 survey observations; approximately 28,000 structured EHR diagnoses", "metric_class": "Cross-modality capture comparison", "numerator_definition": "Menopause observations captured in surveys compared with structured EHR diagnoses", "denominator_definition": "Female All of Us research participants", "time_window": "Study-specific", "code_set_or_measure": "Survey menopause observations versus structured EHR diagnosis records", "published_value": "Nearly 7 times as many survey observations as structured EHR diagnoses", "published_unit": "capture ratio", "derived_value": "Approximately 6.89× from rounded counts", "derivation": "193,000 / 28,000", "safe_interpretation": "Within All of Us, survey data captured far more menopause observations than structured EHR diagnosis fields.", "does_not_support": "A national underdiagnosis rate; the modalities do not necessarily represent identical events and the study is not yet peer reviewed.", "peer_review_status": "Preprint; not peer reviewed as of 2026-08-01", "method_transparency": "High in full preprint; abstract-level values used here", "principal_limitations": "Preprint status; volunteer research cohort; rounded survey and EHR observation counts; the two modalities do not necessarily represent identical events.", "source_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.17.26351129v1", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-01", "publish_status": "Emerging evidence only; label preprint visibly" }, { "metric_id": "flo_2026_reproductive_stage_uncertainty", "source_family": "Flo Health / Menopause journal", "source_type": "Peer-reviewed app-user survey", "publication_date": "2026-07-14", "data_period": "December 2024 through May 2025", "geography": "United States", "population": "7,640 U.S. Flo app users ages 35 and older", "age_band": "35+", "insurance_or_setting": "App-user survey", "denominator_n": "7640", "numerator_n": "", "metric_class": "Self-reported reproductive-stage uncertainty", "numerator_definition": "Participants unsure of their reproductive stage", "denominator_definition": "Surveyed participants", "time_window": "Cross-sectional survey", "code_set_or_measure": "Self-report", "published_value": "34% (95% CI 33%–35%)", "published_unit": "percent", "derived_value": "", "derivation": "Source-reported", "safe_interpretation": "One-third of this app-user sample reported uncertainty about reproductive stage.", "does_not_support": "A formal diagnosis rate, an EHR documentation rate, or a nationally representative estimate.", "peer_review_status": "Peer reviewed", "method_transparency": "Peer-reviewed article; public abstract and journal record reviewed", "principal_limitations": "App-user selection; self-reported uncertainty is not clinical diagnosis; not a random sample of U.S. women.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000002837", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-01", "publish_status": "Publishable as uncertainty metric with sample qualifier" }, { "metric_id": "aarp_meps_2021_treated_prevalence", "source_family": "AARP Public Policy Institute / NORC / MEPS", "source_type": "Analysis of federal Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data", "publication_date": "2025-04-17", "data_period": "Pooled 2016–2021; interpreted by authors as annual 2021 estimate", "geography": "United States", "population": "Women ages 45–64 in the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population", "age_band": "45–64", "insurance_or_setting": "MEPS population survey and expenditure data", "denominator_n": "", "numerator_n": "2100000", "metric_class": "Treated prevalence", "numerator_definition": "Women treated for menopause", "denominator_definition": "Annualized U.S. women ages 45–64 under the report’s pooled MEPS methodology", "time_window": "Average annual population over pooled 2016–2021, presented as 2021", "code_set_or_measure": "MEPS treatment records; full report methodology governs", "published_value": "2.1 million; 5%", "published_unit": "people and percent", "derived_value": "", "derivation": "Source-reported", "safe_interpretation": "An estimated 5% of U.S. women ages 45–64 were treated for menopause under this MEPS-based definition.", "does_not_support": "The percentage diagnosed, symptomatic, or biologically menopausal.", "peer_review_status": "Public-policy report based on federal survey data", "method_transparency": "High with full report", "principal_limitations": "Treatment is narrower than diagnosis; pooled 2016–2021 MEPS data were interpreted as an annual 2021 estimate; the published 2.1 million and 5% are rounded.", "source_url": "https://www.aarp.org/pri/topics/health/conditions-treatment/menopause-women-untreated/", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-01", "publish_status": "Publishable only as treated prevalence" }, { "metric_id": "optum_2013_2024_post_diagnosis_captured_pharmacotherapy", "source_family": "Optum Clinformatics / Women’s Health Reports", "source_type": "Peer-reviewed retrospective claims cohort", "publication_date": "2026-07-02", "data_period": "Claims 2012–2024; first diagnosis 2013–2024", "geography": "United States", "population": "297,928 insurance-covered women newly diagnosed with menopause symptoms", "age_band": "40–65", "insurance_or_setting": "96% commercially insured in cohort; Optum Clinformatics claims", "denominator_n": "297928", "numerator_n": "", "metric_class": "Post-diagnosis captured pharmacotherapy initiation", "numerator_definition": "Women with a qualifying pharmacotherapy claim initiated during available follow-up", "denominator_definition": "Eligible newly diagnosed cohort", "time_window": "All available post-index follow-up; mean 20.7 months", "code_set_or_measure": "Incident ICD-9-CM 627.9 or ICD-10-CM N95.1/N95.9 after a 12-month baseline; captured prescription claims during follow-up", "published_value": "30.7% initiated captured pharmacotherapy; 69.3% had none captured", "published_unit": "percent", "derived_value": "", "derivation": "Source-reported", "safe_interpretation": "In this incident-diagnosis claims cohort, captured pharmacotherapy was initiated in 30.7% during available follow-up.", "does_not_support": "A prevalence of diagnosis, an assessment of treatment need, or capture of compounded, OTC, or all cash-paid care.", "peer_review_status": "Peer reviewed", "method_transparency": "High", "principal_limitations": "Insurance-covered cohort; 96% commercially insured; treatment outside claims can be missed; follow-up varies; six current Bayer employees, one consultant, and two former interns among authors; no article funding reported.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/26884844261465157", "retrieval_date": "2026-08-01", "publish_status": "Publishable in after-diagnosis section with disclosure" } ] }