HRT and Recurrent UTIs: Does Hormone Therapy Really Stop Them?
By the editorial team at The HRT Index — an independent comparison resource for HRT telehealth providers. Last verified: . Sources include the American Urological Association recurrent-UTI guideline, ACOG, The Menopause Society, the Tan-Kim 2023 review of 5,638 women, and the Raz & Stamm landmark trial in NEJM. This article is educational only and does not replace care from your own clinician.
HRT and recurrent UTIs are linked — but the kind of HRT matters more than anything else. For women in or past menopause, the treatment with the strongest evidence is low-dose vaginal estrogen— a small dose of estrogen placed in the vagina as a cream, tablet, or ring. It is not the oral HRT pill most people picture. Major urology and menopause guidelines recommend it specifically for this purpose, and the numbers back them up.
That last part is the catch most pages skip. But the slow part is exactly whyit works where round after round of antibiotics doesn’t — and below you’ll find the numbers, the safety facts, and exactly how to get it (the generic cream often runs about $25–35 a month with insurance or a coupon).
Which situation are you in? (read this first)
Recurrent UTIs around menopause aren’t one single problem, and the right next step depends on where you are today. Find your row before you read further.
| Your situation | What it likely means | Best next step | Don’t do this |
|---|---|---|---|
| Past menopause (or perimenopausal) with 3+ UTIs in a year, feel fine between them | Low estrogen has changed the tissue that protects you | Ask a clinician about low-dose vaginal estrogen | Don’t keep treating each one as a one-off |
| You think you have a UTI right now (burning, urgency) | Active infection | Get evaluated and likely treated first — a fast telehealth visit or your doctor | Don’t start vaginal estrogen as a treatment; it won’t clear it |
| Fever, back or side pain, blood in urine, vomiting, or you might be pregnant | This can be a kidney or more serious infection | In-person or urgent care today | Don’t wait on a telehealth appointment |
| Still getting regular periods and not sure if you’re perimenopausal | Estrogen may play a part in early perimenopause, but it’s less likely the main driver | Ask a clinician whether your symptoms fit perimenopause/GSM and whether cultures confirm the UTIs | Don’t assume low estrogen from UTIs alone |
| You already take oral/systemic HRT but UTIs keep coming | Whole-body HRT doesn’t fully protect the local tissue | Ask whether vaginal estrogen can be added | Don’t raise your systemic dose hoping it stops UTIs |
| Breast or hormone-sensitive cancer history | You need an individual risk conversation | Talk to your clinician or oncologist about low-dose vaginal estrogen | Don’t rule it out (or in) on your own |
Not sure where you land — or you want a clear plan?
Our free 60-second matching quiz turns your answers into a suggested next step.
Get your personalized action plan →Can HRT help recurrent UTIs — and which kind of estrogen actually works?
Quick answer: The UTI-prevention benefit comes from local vaginal estrogen, not the oral HRT pill. Whole-body (systemic) estrogen — pills, patches, gels — has not been shown to prevent UTIs. So if your goal is fewer UTIs, vaginal estrogen is the tool.
This is the single biggest mix-up. “HRT” usually means systemic hormone therapy: a pill, patch, gel, or spray that raises estrogen across your whole body to ease hot flashes and night sweats. Vaginal estrogen is different.It’s a much smaller dose placed right where the problem is, and the vast majority of it stays in that local tissue. Only this local form is what the guidelines point to for recurrent UTIs.
How big is the difference? When researchers pool the randomized trials, vaginal estrogen lowers the risk of recurrent UTIs by about 60% (a risk ratio near 0.4). Oral estrogen, in the same kind of analysis, shows no real benefit at all (risk ratio about 1.1). Same hormone, completely different result — because it’s about where the estrogen lands.
That also answers a question many women search: “Can HRT cause UTIs?” The labels on systemic products do list UTI as a possible side effect — and that, plus people lumping the two forms together, is where the fear comes from. But for the local form, the well-documented picture is the opposite: in women with low estrogen, vaginal estrogen reduces repeat infections.
One honest catch, up front.
Vaginal estrogen is not a quick fix, and it is notan antibiotic. It won’t clear a UTI you have today, and it works slowly — most women feel the change between 6 and 12 weeks, and urinary symptoms can take a few months to fully settle. If you want something to work tonight, this isn’t it.
Here’s why it’s still the better long-term answer: antibiotics kill thismonth’s bacteria, then you wait for the next infection. Vaginal estrogen helps correct the menopausal reason the bacteria keep winning — and unlike repeat antibiotics, it doesn’t breed drug resistance. That’s exactly why guidelines favor it for the long run.
Why menopause causes recurrent UTIs (it’s not your hygiene)
Quick answer: When estrogen drops, the vaginal area becomes less acidic, the protective Lactobacillus bacteria fade, and the tissue around the urethra thins. That lets gut bacteria like E. colireach the bladder more easily. It’s a biological shift — not something you did.
If you’re already drinking water, wiping front to back, and peeing after sex and stillgetting UTIs, the missing piece probably isn’t effort. Clinicians hear the guilt all the time — women are sure they’re doing something wrong. You’re not.
Here’s the chain. Before menopause, estrogen keeps the vagina acidic and full of Lactobacillus(the “good” bacteria), which crowd out the harmful kind. As estrogen falls, the pH rises, those protective bacteria thin out, and uropathogens — mostly E. colifrom the gut — settle in and travel up a thinner, more fragile urethra. Doctors call this whole cluster of changes genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), and recurrent UTIs are one of its hallmark signs, alongside dryness, pain with sex, urgency, and frequency.
This is common, not rare. More than 60% of women get a UTI at some point in life, and they get more frequent after menopause. Vaginal estrogen works by reversing the exact chain above: it rebuilds the tissue, lowers the pH, and helps the good bacteria come back. For a broader walk-through of local-estrogen options, see our guide to vaginal estrogen providers.
Does vaginal estrogen actually work? Here’s the evidence
Quick answer: Yes. For women whose UTIs are driven by low estrogen, this is one of the best-supported preventions in women’s health. The American Urological Association formally recommends it, and study after study shows repeat UTIs drop by about half — or more — once the tissue heals.
The 2025 AUA/CUA/SUFU recurrent-UTI guideline tells doctors to recommend vaginal estrogen to peri- and postmenopausal women to lower their risk of future UTIs (rated a Moderate Recommendation, Evidence Grade B). The companion 2025 guideline on genitourinary syndrome of menopause calls the evidence that it prevents recurrent UTIs “compelling.”
| Who was studied | What happened | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 5,638 women with low estrogen, average age 70 (real-world review) | Average UTIs fell from 3.9 to 1.8 per year — a 51.9% drop. About 1 in 3 had zero UTIs the next year. Benefit was strongest in women who stuck with it. | Tan-Kim et al., AJOG (2023) |
| Postmenopausal women with recurrent UTIs (landmark trial) | UTIs fell to about 0.5 per year on vaginal estrogen vs. 5.9 on placebo. | Raz & Stamm, NEJM (1993) |
| Postmenopausal women using the estradiol ring | 45% stayed infection-free vs. 20% on placebo. | Estradiol ring study, AJOG (1999) |
| Postmenopausal women, patient guidance | Risk drops more than 75% over time; full benefit at 6–12 weeks, used twice weekly. | ACOG (2024–25) |
| Randomized trials, pooled | Vaginal estrogen cut recurrent UTIs ~60% (risk ratio ~0.4); oral estrogen showed no benefit (risk ratio ~1.1). | Meta-analysis (2024) |
A few of those numbers are worth sitting with. In the landmark trial, women on placebo averaged almost six UTIs a year; on vaginal estrogen, about one every two years. In the 5,638-woman review, a third of women had nonethe following year. That’s the difference between organizing your life around the next infection and mostly forgetting about them.
What the evidence does not promise.
- It won’t prevent every UTI.
- It won’t treat an active one.
- It doesn’t mean the oral pill works the same way (it doesn’t).
- The strongest evidence comes from studied, regulated low-dose vaginal estrogen products — compounded versions haven’t been proven to deliver the same result.
Sounds like your pattern — UTIs plus the menopause timing?
Get your personalized action plan →Is vaginal estrogen safe? Cancer, blood clots, and the 2026 label change
Quick answer: Low-dose vaginal estrogen is treated very differently from the oral pill because so little of it reaches the rest of the body. The 2025 guidelines conclude it does not raise the risk of breast cancer coming back, heart disease, dementia, or uterine cancer. Personal history still matters — so a breast cancer history is a conversation to have with your clinician, not an automatic no.
It barely leaves the area it’s applied to.That’s the whole point of the local form — the dose is small and stays mostly in the vaginal tissue. Because of that, the 2025 menopause-society and urology guidelines conclude that low-dose vaginal estrogen does not increase the risk of breast cancer recurrence, cardiovascular disease, dementia, or endometrial (uterine) cancer.
The 2026 label change you may have heard about.
In November 2025 the FDA announced label changes for menopausal hormone therapy. On February 12, 2026, it approved updated labels for the first six products — removing the old “boxed warning” statements about heart disease, breast cancer, and probable dementia. Regulators concluded those blanket warnings, drawn largely from studies of systemic hormones in older women, didn’t fit the modern, lower-dose picture.
Other warnings, contraindications, and individual risk decisions still stand — this didn’t make hormone therapy risk-free for everyone. See our full 2026 FDA HRT label change explainer.
If you’ve had breast cancer.This is the one place to slow down and personalize. Current guidance is reassuring about low-dose vaginal estrogen, and many oncologists are comfortable with it, but it should be a shared decision with the clinician who knows your case — especially if you take an aromatase inhibitor or another anti-estrogen medication. Don’t rule it out on your own, and don’t start it on your own either.
Already on systemic HRT?You can usually still use vaginal estrogen on top of it. Whole-body HRT often doesn’t fully fix the local tissue changes that drive UTIs, so clinicians add the vaginal form routinely — generally without added risk. Clear it with your prescriber based on your bleeding history, cancer history, and current plan.
When recurrent UTIs need a doctor, not a cream (red flags)
Quick answer: Vaginal estrogen is for prevention between infections. If you have signs of a kidney or serious infection — fever, chills, back or side pain, blood in urine, nausea or vomiting — or you might be pregnant, skip the telehealth route and get same-day in-person care.
Get urgent or in-person care now if you have any of these:
- Fever or chills
- Pain in your back or side (the flank)
- Nausea or vomiting
- Blood in your urine
- You are, or might be, pregnant
- Symptoms that come roaring back days after finishing antibiotics
- A history of kidney infections, kidney disease, or recent urinary-tract surgery
- A catheter, or a known problem with the urinary tract
- A weakened immune system
- Bleeding after menopause (this always needs its own workup)
Where to go depending on how bad it is: your primary care clinician, an OB-GYN, a urologist, urgent care, or the ERfor severe symptoms. This is not the moment to shop for a hormone provider — it’s the moment to get looked at.
And a quieter one worth naming: if you keep having burning and urgency but your urine cultures keep coming back negative, that may not be a bacterial UTI at all. It could be tissue irritation from GSM, a yeast or other imbalance, bladder pain syndrome, or pelvic-floor issues. The fix is different for each — that’s a reason to be seen, not to keep guessing.
Which vaginal estrogen should you ask about: cream, tablet, or ring?
Quick answer: Cream, tablet/insert, and ring all deliver low-dose estrogen to the same tissue. The right pick usually comes down to comfort, cost, how often you want to deal with it, and whether you want an FDA-approved product or are open to a compounded one.
These are all FDA-approved finished products — for their labeled menopause and vaginal symptoms. None is FDA-approved specifically to prevent UTIs; using them that way is evidence-based and recommended by guidelines, but technically off-label.
| Product | Form | FDA-approved for | FDA-approved to prevent UTIs? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Estrace / generic estradiol cream (0.01%) | Cream | Vaginal/menopause tissue symptoms (atrophy) | No — off-label |
| Premarin Vaginal Cream | Cream | Atrophic vaginitis and painful sex (dyspareunia) from menopause | No — off-label |
| Vagifem / Yuvafem | Tablet you insert (10 mcg) | Vaginal menopause symptoms (atrophy) | No — off-label |
| Imvexxy | Soft insert (4 or 10 mcg) | Painful sex (dyspareunia) from menopause | No — off-label |
| Estring | Ring you replace every ~90 days (~7.5 mcg/day) | Urogenital atrophy symptoms from menopause, including urinary urgency and painful urination (not the same as Femring, which is a higher, whole-body dose) | No — off-label |
Quick way to choose: cream is flexible and inexpensive but a little messy; a tablet or insert is tidier and more standardized; a ring is the lowest-maintenance because you change it only every three months. Tell your clinician your priority and they’ll match it.
A word on compounded versions.Some cash-pay telehealth brands offer compounded vaginal estrogen — mixed to order by a compounding pharmacy. A compounded cream may contain estradiol, but the finished product is not FDA-approved, and it hasn’t been separately tested to deliver the same UTI-prevention benefit as the studied products. That doesn’t make it useless, and some women choose it for convenience. But we won’t call it “the same as” or “proven equal to” the FDA-approved versions. For the full picture, see our compounded vs. FDA-approved HRT guide.
Want to compare where to get these online? See vaginal estrogen cream online and where to buy vaginal estrogen online.
How long does vaginal estrogen take to work — and do you use it forever?
Quick answer: Plan on 6 to 12 weeks for the full benefit, and judge UTI prevention over months, not days. Most regimens start with nightly use for about two weeks, then drop to roughly twice a week to maintain. If you stop, the protection gradually fades.
Think in two timelines. Comfort (dryness, irritation) often improves first, sometimes within a few weeks. UTI preventionis the slower payoff, because the tissue and the bacterial balance take time to rebuild. The landmark trial’s schedule is typical: a short nightly “loading” phase, then twice-weekly upkeep. Many women feel meaningfully better by the 8–12 week mark.
It’s a maintenance therapy, not a course you finish. Menopause and urology guidance describes no fixed time limit — women can use low-dose vaginal estrogen for as long as they want the benefit. Stop it, and over weeks to months the estrogen-deprived state returns, and so can the UTIs. That’s not a catch; it’s just how it works — the same way blood-pressure medicine only helps while you take it.
A simple thing that helps: track it.
For the first 90 days, jot down each UTI (and whether it was confirmed by a urine test), any antibiotics, your dryness or urgency, when you started the estrogen, and any missed doses. Bring that to your follow-up. It turns “I think it’s a little better” into something your clinician can actually act on.
How much does vaginal estrogen cost online — and where do you get it?
Quick answer: If your symptoms point to menopause-related UTIs and you have no red flags, a telehealth menopause clinician can evaluate you and prescribe vaginal estrogen — often the same week. The medication and the visit are billed separately.
Because the strong evidence is built on studied, regulated vaginal estrogen — and compounded versions haven’t been proven equal — we lead with the routes that prescribe FDA-approved products. We read each provider’s own pages and checked the details in June 2026; prices and coverage move, so confirm at checkout.
What we actually verified for this page
- Medical claims(does it work, is it safe, how long) come from guideline bodies and peer-reviewed studies — the AUA recurrent-UTI and GSM guidelines, ACOG, the Tan-Kim 2023 review, the landmark Raz & Stamm trial, and pooled meta-analyses. They’re linked throughout.
- Provider facts(price, states, insurance, FDA-approved vs. compounded) were read directly from each provider’s own pages in June 2026.
- Our ranking is an editorial opinion, not medical advice. We put Midi first here because it prescribes the FDA-approved product the evidence is built on, can bill commercial insurance, and is available nationwide.
| Provider | What it offers | Bills insurance? | Where | Cost (Jun 2026) | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Midi Health Our top pick | FDA-approved vaginal estrogen (cream, tablet, or ring — the clinician decides); ongoing, live-video menopause care | Yes — in-network with most PPO/commercial plans. Not Medicaid/Medi-Cal. Notcovered by Medicare (Medicare patients can self-pay but can’t file claims) | Nationwide (check your state and plan in Midi’s coverage checker) | With insurance, just your copay/deductible. Self-pay: $250 first visit, $150 follow-ups. Generic cream often $25–35/month at the pharmacy | Insured women who want one clinician on the whole picture and an FDA-approved product |
| Sesame | Cash-pay menopause program; pick your own provider, video visits, unlimited messaging; prescriptions sent to your pharmacy. Confirm the clinician can prescribe the vaginal form you want | No (cash; medication billed separately) | Most states | Menopause program subscription, about $59/month; medication is separate | Cash-pay women who want to choose their provider and get same-day care |
| Winona | Compounded estradiol vaginal cream (not an FDA-approved finished product); monthly subscription with care included | No (HSA/FSA accepted) | 40+ states | About $89/month, care included | Women who want a cream shipped monthly and are okay with a compounded product |
Each provider’s pricing, states, and insurance were read from its own pages and checked in June 2026. These change often — confirm the current details at checkout before you decide.
Midi’s first visit isn’t cheap if you pay cash($250, then $150 for follow-ups), and it can’t bill Medicaid or Medicare. But if you have PPO or commercial insurance, you usually pay only your copay — and the generic cream itself is often $25–35 a month at the pharmacy — so for insured women it’s frequently the lowest ongoing cost, with one clinician who knows your history. Read our full Midi Health review.
If you’d rather pay cash and choose your own provider, Sesame’s menopause program is a flat subscription (about $59/month, medication separate). Read our Sesame HRT review.
If you want a cream shipped to your door each month and you’re comfortable with a compounded product, Winona runs about $89/month. Read our Winona HRT review.
“I got a same-day appointment and they took my insurance.” — Victoria W., shared on Midi’s testimonials page.(This describes one patient’s service experience, not a UTI outcome. Individual experiences vary, and testimonials are not evidence that any provider prevents UTIs.)
Ready to take a medical step (not a purchase)?
Midi and Sesame links are sponsored. Winona link is sponsored — compounded product, not an FDA-approved finished drug. We may earn a commission at no cost to you.
Vaginal estrogen vs. antibiotics, D-mannose, and methenamine
Quick answer: Vaginal estrogen is one of several non-antibiotic preventions, and for menopause-related UTIs it’s the most strongly supported. Daily preventive antibiotics work but carry resistance and side-effect costs; methenamine is a reasonable non-antibiotic option for some women; D-mannose and cranberry have weaker, mixed evidence.
| Option | Where it fits | What the evidence says | Main downside |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vaginal estrogen | Menopause-related recurrent UTIs (low estrogen) | Guideline-recommended; about 60% fewer recurrences | Slow (6–12 weeks); doesn’t treat active infection |
| Daily/low-dose antibiotics | Frequent UTIs after other steps fail | Effective at preventing them | Antibiotic resistance, side effects, yeast infections |
| Antibiotic after sex | UTIs clearly triggered by sex | Useful when timing is the pattern | Still antibiotic exposure |
| Methenamine hippurate | Non-antibiotic preventive for some women | Recommended as an option in urology guidance for suitable patients | Not right for everyone; needs clinician sign-off |
| D-mannose | Popular supplement | Evidence is mixed and weaker; not a reliable solo fix | Can distract from getting properly evaluated |
| Cranberry | Common first thing women try | Uncertain benefit; little support for older women in reviewed evidence | Often disappoints when used alone |
The headline: if low estrogen is part of your story, vaginal estrogen treats the cause, while most of the others manage the symptom or rely on antibiotics. Many women end up combining a couple of these with their clinician — vaginal estrogen for the long game, plus a short-term plan for any breakthrough infections.
What to ask your clinician about HRT and recurrent UTIs
Quick answer: Walk in with your history and specific questions, and you’ll get a far better plan. Bring your UTI dates, which ones were confirmed by a urine test, your menopause stage, and what you’ve already tried.
Bring this with you:
- How many UTIs in the last 6 and 12 months
- Which ones were confirmed by a urine culture
- Antibiotics you’ve taken
- Whether UTIs tend to follow sex
- Your menopause stage, and any dryness, burning, pain with sex, urgency, or frequency
- Any blood in urine, fever, or back pain
- Breast or uterine cancer history, and any unexplained bleeding
- Current HRT, birth control, or other medications
- Whether you’d prefer to use insurance or pay cash
Ask these out loud:
- “Do my symptoms point to GSM or low local estrogen?”
- “Is low-dose vaginal estrogen right for me — and cream, tablet, or ring?”
- “Should I have a urine culture before we call these recurrent UTIs?”
- “If I’m already on systemic HRT, do I still need the vaginal form?”
- “What symptoms mean I should get urgent care?”
- “When should we check whether it’s working, and what if I still get UTIs after three months?”
- “Is methenamine or another non-antibiotic option worth adding?”
- “Any reason vaginal estrogen wouldn’t be safe for me?”
Frequently asked questions
Can HRT cure a UTI?
Is vaginal estrogen the same as HRT?
Can systemic (oral) HRT prevent recurrent UTIs?
Does estrogen cream prevent UTIs after menopause?
Can I use vaginal estrogen if I already take HRT?
How long until vaginal estrogen prevents UTIs?
Is estrogen cream safe?
Is compounded vaginal estrogen FDA-approved?
Does cranberry or D-mannose work as well as vaginal estrogen?
Which online provider is best for recurrent UTIs and HRT?
Still not sure which HRT program is right for you?
Answer a few quick questions about your UTIs, menopause stage, insurance, and any red flags, and we’ll point you toward local estrogen, broader HRT care, or a doctor visit first — whatever actually fits.
Take the free HRT matching quiz →Related reading
- Best online providers for vaginal estrogen
- Vaginal estrogen cream online: what to look for
- Where to buy vaginal estrogen online
- Compounded vs. FDA-approved HRT: what’s the real difference?
- HRT benefits and risks: the full picture
- FDA removes HRT boxed warning: what it means for you
- Best online HRT providers for menopause (2026)
- How much does HRT cost in 2026?
How we made this guide (and what we verified)
Who: This guide was written by The HRT Index Editorial Team. The HRT Index is an independent comparison resource for HRT telehealth providers.
How:We reviewed recurrent-UTI and menopause guidance from the American Urological Association, ACOG, and The Menopause Society; the peer-reviewed evidence on vaginal estrogen (including the 2023 Tan-Kim review of 5,638 women, the landmark 1993 Raz & Stamm trial, and pooled meta-analyses); and the FDA’s 2025–2026 hormone-therapy labeling updates. We read each provider’s own pages and checked prices, states, and insurance in June 2026.
Why:Most pages on this topic answer only part of the question and leave you with five more tabs open. We built the one page that takes you from “why does this keep happening?” to a clear, safe next step.
A note on honesty:This page is educational and doesn’t diagnose or treat UTIs. If you have severe or active symptoms, get medical care. We may earn a commission if you use some of the provider links above, at no cost to you — but medical fit, accuracy, and safety come first.
References
- 1.American Urological Association / CUA / SUFU. Recurrent Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Women: Guideline (2022, amended 2025). https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/recurrent-uti
- 2.AUA / SUFU / AUGS. Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Guideline (2025). https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/genitourinary-syndrome-of-menopause
- 3.Tan-Kim J, et al. Efficacy of vaginal estrogen for recurrent urinary tract infection prevention in hypoestrogenic women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;229(2):143.e1–143.e9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37178856/
- 4.Raz R, Stamm WE. A controlled trial of intravaginal estriol in postmenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:753–756. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199309093291102
- 5.Eriksen B. A randomized, open, parallel-group study on the preventive effect of an estradiol-releasing vaginal ring (Estring) on recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;180:1072–1079.
- 6.ACOG. UTIs After Menopause: Why They’re Common and What to Do About Them (2024–25). https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/the-latest/utis-after-menopause-why-theyre-common-and-what-to-do-about-them
- 7.Systematic review / meta-analysis of vaginal estrogen for recurrent UTI prevention (protective effect, risk ratio ~0.4; oral estrogen no significant benefit, risk ratio ~1.1) (2024). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378512224002238
- 8.The Menopause Society (formerly NAMS). 2020 Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause Position Statement. https://www.menopause.org
- 9.U.S. Food & Drug Administration. FDA Approves Labeling Changes to Menopausal Hormone Therapy Products (announced Nov 2025; first products relabeled Feb 12, 2026). https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-labeling-changes-menopausal-hormone-therapy-products
- 10.Midi Health — Pricing & Insurance. https://www.joinmidi.com/pricing-insurance
- 11.Sesame — Menopause Treatment. https://sesamecare.com/service/menopause-treatment
- 12.Winona — Vaginal Estrogen Cream (product page; compounded). https://bywinona.com/product/vaginal-estrogen-cream